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Sociology A2 > Mass media > Flashcards

Mass media Flashcards

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1
Q

What is ownership?

A

Those who own the media.

The debate is are they bias or objective.

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2
Q

What is control?

A

Those who have power in the media.

The debate is owners, consumers or journalists.

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3
Q

What is diversification?

A

When firms diversify into new business areas to spread risk. Loses in one area are profited in another.
eg. Virgin

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4
Q

What are Transnational Corporations?

A

Globalisation has opened up national markets and created international competition between media companies.
eg. Disney

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5
Q

What is horizontal integration?

A

Bigger media companies often own a diverse or cross range of media.
eg. Fox

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6
Q

What is vertical integration?

A

Some media companies are increasingly trying to control all aspects of their industries.
eg. Warner Brothers

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7
Q

What is synergy?

A

A product is being advertised and packaged in many different forms or platforms to maximise consumer markets.
eg. Spiderman

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8
Q

Bagdikian - Concentration of ownership

A

In America 1983, there were 50 owners of media outlets and by 2005, there were only 5.
In the UK, there is only 1 dominant owner of ALL national daily and Sunday newspapers.

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9
Q

Karl Marx - Concentration of ownership

A

“Religion is the opium of the people” suggesting religion controlled people at this time. Secularisation occurred and New Marxist thinkers say media has replaced religion.

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10
Q

Miliband - Concentration of ownership

A 
"The role of the mass media is to shape how we think about the world we live in" 
Shapes what we think of capitalism
Legitimises inequalities 
False needs and consumerism 
Ideological control 
False class consciousness
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11
Q

Marxists - Concentration of ownership

A

We are fed a diet of soap operas, game shows and reality TV shows. They don’t encourage us to critical think so we don’t question capitalism.

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12
Q

Consequences of concentration of ownership

A

Candy floss culture = Media is ‘pink and fluffy’, it has no substance behind it so we don’t question the world. Society is ‘dumbed down’ which prevents us critical thinking and questioning capitalism.

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13
Q

Ideological control of the media

A

Beauty ideal = Consume to be look how we should.
Media owners = Full control over mass audience. They encourage “American Dream” which promotes meritocracy. Anyone who goes against this gets negative stigma and labels such as ‘lazy’ and ‘greedy’.

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14
Q

Marxists and Journalists - Concentration of ownership

A

Murdoch has a personalised style of management. He proofs, writes memos, changes content and handpicks compliant editors.
Journalists = Puppets, wage slaves and exploited.

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15
Q

A03 - Concentration of ownership

A

X ignores when the top of the heirarchy are exposed and get punished. e.g. scandals.
X Too deterministic - Media doesn’t influence all of out beliefs, there are other factors and we have free will.
X Smokescreen to keep proletariat happy, it is controlled by spin doctors which makes it too positive.

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16
Q

Jean Blondel - Concentration of ownership

A 
"No single group in society has a monopoly of power and control. The mass media is diverse and competitive."
Agree = Globalisation and the rise in digital media meaning the government doesn't control. 
Disagree = Marxists say working class only believe they have power through false class consciousness.
17
Q

Jean Blondel - Concentration of ownership

A

“Readers, viewers and listeners are the real power holders”
We have power because we buy goods and services which creates supply and demand.
We share views through freedom of speech, formal controls, voting and e-petitions.

18
Q

What is a market mechanism?

A

The media is seen to reflect, rather than influence the views of the public through things like supply and demand.
Pluralists = If people wanted more radical and revolutionary views, media would provide it.
Marxists = This happens because we are being controlled.

19
Q

Neo Marxism - Concentration of ownership

A 
Agree with traditional Marxism = media reflecting views of the ruling class and capitalism. 
Disagree = Traditional would say that media uses ideological control and internal brainwashing. New Marxism would say it is unintentional and natural process of transmitting ideas.
20
Q

Neo Marxism - Journalists

A

White middle class, transmitting ruling class values naturally because they are socialised to believe them. Private education means they have been taught meritocracy and capitalism is good.

21
Q

GUMG - Concentration of ownership

A

Researched minors strike and found minors were portrayed badly to support capitalism. They were called terrorists, violent, aggressive and scum. Managers were called supportive, offering and were the only ones interviewed. The media ignored real reasons for strikes because journalists cannot relate.

22
Q

Sutton Trust - Concentration of ownership

A

Looked at top 100 journalists of best selling newspapers. Found 54% went to private education when only 7% of the general population attend private education. This explains why they cannot reflect views of majority.

23
Q

The New Media

A

Digital media = The past 25-30 years has been a ‘digital revolution’. The change was sudden and radical, it has led to electronic cocaine because we’re addicted to it.

24
Q

Advantages of the New Media

A

✓ Quick, convient and easy.
✓ Gives a voice and platform to share diverse opinions globally.
✓ Educational - research to broaden knowledge.
✓ Raise awareness of social issues and charities.

25
Q

Disadvantages of the New Media

A

X Cyber crimes and addiction.
X Loss of tradition and social skills.
X Relative deprivation and false needs.
X No privacy because we can access anything.
X E-commerce causing highstreet shops to close down.

26
Q

Statistics of the New Media

A
  • 65% spend 5 hours a day on social media.
  • 1 in 9 check social media up to 20 times a day.
  • 40% of adults and 60% of children now have a smartphone.
  • The market for smartphones in now worth over £1 billion.
  • The average household has 3 devices.
  • 70% feel stress if they can’t get online.
27
Q

How did the New Media come about?

A
  1. Evolution of existing delivery systems = The way images are delivered has transformed. eg. Aerial and analogue to digital and HD.
  2. Innovation and emergence of new delivery technology = Became more two way and we now have a global library. Nations are required to ‘wire up’ so everyone can access it.
28
Q

What is digitalisation?

A

Everyone has gone digital and become electronic. The translation of ALL information, regardless of format, into universal computer language. One device now does everything.

29
Q

What is convergence?

A

All in one! eg. smartphones now do everything.
Jenkins - “The electronic equivalent of a swiss army knife”
Conford and Robins - “Eventually we will have one device that does everything.”

30
Q

What is interactivity?

A

We are interacting globally.
Jenkins - “We live in a participatory culture.” Active participation to voice opinions.
Collective intelligence = We pool together knowledge, everybody knows something but nobody knows everything. We all need to contribute.

31
Q

Neophiliacs - New Media

A
  1. Widening consumer choice.
  2. More media participation.
  3. Greater democracy.
  4. Easily available to access all kinds of information and high culture.
  5. The world becomes a global village.
32
Q

Cultural pessimists - New Media

A
  1. No real increase in consumer choice.
  2. The digital divide.
  3. A threat to democracy.
  4. Lack of regulation.
  5. Cultural imperialism.
33
Q

What is globalisation?

A

Refers to the increasing interconnectedness of societies, making us one single global village.

34
Q

How has globalisation influenced New Media?

A 
E-commerce
E-learning/learning languages
Social networking
Interactivity 
Supply and demand culture 
Global advertising/news reporting
Time and space blurred 
Horizontal integration
35
Q

What is a hybrid of culture?

A

What was once defined as our culture is now joined by influences from other cultures.

Sociology A2 (1 decks)

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