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EASA ATPLs > Mass & Balance > Flashcards

Mass & Balance Flashcards

1
Q

MB - What does CS 23 govern?

A

All aircraft with 9 or less passengers, take off mass less than 5700 kg
Commuter category aircraft less than 19 pax and a MTOM less than 8618kg

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1
Q

MB - What is final reserve fuel?

A

Fuel that would allow for:

  • Jets hold for 30 min at 1500 ft
  • Reciprocating aircraft 45 min at 1500 ft
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1
Q

MB - What is the floor running load?

A
  • Calculated as the weight of the object divided by the distance it covers.
  • (Object weight) ÷ (length of major side)
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2
Q

MB - The vertical force where the structure will fail is called?

A

The ultimate load or G loading

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2
Q

MB - Block or ramp fuel is a sum of…

A
  • Taxi fuel
  • Trip fuel
  • Contingency fuel
  • Diversion fuel
  • Final reserve fuel
  • = Total fuel
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3
Q

MB - Load Spreading Devices allow for?

A

The weight at the load to be spread on the cargo floor.

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4
Q

MB - How is US and Imp gallons divided down?

A

8 Pints and 4 Quarts

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5
Q

MB - A light wing is more susceptible to?

A

Aerodynamic flutter

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6
Q

MB - what equation is used for removing weight for aircraft.

A

(Mass change ÷ old total mass) = ( change of CG ÷ distance to new CG)

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7
Q

MB - Reference point is not the same as?

A

Station Datum

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8
Q

MB - Extra fuel is for?

A

This is at the discretion of the commander and could take into account a number of factors.

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9
Q

MB - What is the MZFM?

A

Max permissible aircraft weight disregarding fuel. This should never be exceeded In flight or on the ground.

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10
Q

MB - What are the imperial breakdown relationships?

A
  • 12in = 1ft
  • 3ft = 1yd
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11
Q

MB - What is diversion fuel?

A

The total required fuel from point of diversion to touchdown at alternate

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11
Q

MB - Loads between the ultimate load and limit load will cause?

A

Permanent deformation but should not lear to permanent damage

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12
Q

MB - What is contingency fuel?

A

This is extra fuel normally a set percentage or the trip fuel to allow for unforcast winds and ATC routing

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13
Q

MB - What is trip fuel?

A

This is fuel used from take off to touchdown

14
Q

MB - Metal fatigue is a result of?

A

Cumulative forces applied and removed in a load causing catastrophic failure

15
Q

MB - What is the ultimate stress?

A

The fail point of a single application on a static load.

16
Q

MB - What equation is used for adding weight to an aircraft?

A

(Mass change ÷ new total mass) = (change of CG ÷ distance from old CG)

17
Q

MB - 1 KG is equivalent to how many newtons?

A

1KG = 9.8N

19
Q

MB - Fuel left in the wings will reduce…

A
  • Aerodynamic flutter
  • Forces applied to the centre box or wing route
20
Q

MB - where is the max load on a wing?

A

At the wing root

21
Q

MB - Damage tolerant or fail safe allows?

A

Allow a system to fail until discovered during the next inspection

23
Q

WB - What is the formula for %MAC.

A

(Chord length ÷ CG) x 100 = %MAC

24
Q

MB - What is taxi fuel?

A
  • The fuel required for start-up, taxi to the end of the runway.
  • This is normally a standard figure
25
Q

MB - The floor loading limit is?

A
  • The distribution load intensity,
  • The weight at the object divided by the area it cover (area load)
26
Q

While and aircraft is in the air and on the ground what stresses does a wing endure while it is bending? (2)

A
  1. Tension
  2. Compression
27
Q

MB - Specific gravity is?

A

SG is the weight of a liquid to water as 1.0

28
Q

MB - The safety factor between the limit load and ultimate load is?

A

+ 1.5

29
Q

MB - What does CS 25 cover?

A

Jet transport aircraft and turboprop not in the commuter category less than 5700 kg

30
Q

MB - what EASA docs define load limitations?

A

CS 23 and CS 25

32
Q

MB - What equation is used for moving load in an aircraft?

A

(Mass change / total mass) = (change of CG / distance moved)

33
Q

MB - Additional fuel is…

A

The amount of fuel that is required in the event of a power unit or loss of pressurization. Based on assumption that the failure would fail at a most critical point the fuel will allow for:

  1. Decent to 1500ft
  2. Hold for 15 min
  3. Make an approach and landing
34
Q

MB - To prevent cargo from moving it is secure by?

A
  • Unit load devices,
  • Palletised,
  • Cargo nets.
35
Q

If all facters are unchanged the fuel range with a forward centre of gravity will be?

A

With a forward CG the trim drag increases which increases the fuel burn.

36
Q

What is the Basic Empty Mass?

A

The basic Empty mass is the mass of the aircraft plus:

  1. Unusable fuel and unusable liquids
  2. Lubricating oil in the engine and auxielry units
  3. Fire extinguishers
  4. Pyrotechniques
  5. Emergency O2 Equipment
  6. Supplimentary Electrical Equipment.
37
Q

The Dry Operating Mass (DOM) is?

A

The total mass of an aircraft that is ready for a specific task minus eseable fuel and traffic load and includes:

  1. Crew & Crew Baggage
  2. Catering and Removable Passenger service Equipment
  3. Potable water and lav chemicals
  4. Food & Bevarges
38
Q

The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is?

A

Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM) is the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.

39
Q

What effect does the CG have on fuel flow if it further aft?

A

An aft CG reduces the trim drag, therefore less thrust is required resulting in a decrease in fuel consumption.

40
Q

The Maximum taxi (ramp) mass is governed by?

A

Structural Consideration

41
Q
A

EASA ATPLs (8 decks)

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