Mass & Balance Flashcards
MB - What does CS 23 govern?
All aircraft with 9 or less passengers, take off mass less than 5700 kg
Commuter category aircraft less than 19 pax and a MTOM less than 8618kg
MB - What is final reserve fuel?
Fuel that would allow for:
- Jets hold for 30 min at 1500 ft
- Reciprocating aircraft 45 min at 1500 ft
MB - What is the floor running load?
- Calculated as the weight of the object divided by the distance it covers.
- (Object weight) ÷ (length of major side)
MB - The vertical force where the structure will fail is called?
The ultimate load or G loading
MB - Block or ramp fuel is a sum of…
- Taxi fuel
- Trip fuel
- Contingency fuel
- Diversion fuel
- Final reserve fuel
- = Total fuel
MB - Load Spreading Devices allow for?
The weight at the load to be spread on the cargo floor.
MB - How is US and Imp gallons divided down?
8 Pints and 4 Quarts
MB - A light wing is more susceptible to?
Aerodynamic flutter
MB - what equation is used for removing weight for aircraft.
(Mass change ÷ old total mass) = ( change of CG ÷ distance to new CG)
MB - Reference point is not the same as?
Station Datum
MB - Extra fuel is for?
This is at the discretion of the commander and could take into account a number of factors.
MB - What is the MZFM?
Max permissible aircraft weight disregarding fuel. This should never be exceeded In flight or on the ground.
MB - What are the imperial breakdown relationships?
- 12in = 1ft
- 3ft = 1yd
MB - What is diversion fuel?
The total required fuel from point of diversion to touchdown at alternate
MB - Loads between the ultimate load and limit load will cause?
Permanent deformation but should not lear to permanent damage
MB - What is contingency fuel?
This is extra fuel normally a set percentage or the trip fuel to allow for unforcast winds and ATC routing
MB - What is trip fuel?
This is fuel used from take off to touchdown
MB - Metal fatigue is a result of?
Cumulative forces applied and removed in a load causing catastrophic failure
MB - What is the ultimate stress?
The fail point of a single application on a static load.
MB - What equation is used for adding weight to an aircraft?
(Mass change ÷ new total mass) = (change of CG ÷ distance from old CG)
MB - 1 KG is equivalent to how many newtons?
1KG = 9.8N
MB - Fuel left in the wings will reduce…
- Aerodynamic flutter
- Forces applied to the centre box or wing route
MB - where is the max load on a wing?
At the wing root
MB - Damage tolerant or fail safe allows?
Allow a system to fail until discovered during the next inspection
WB - What is the formula for %MAC.
(Chord length ÷ CG) x 100 = %MAC
MB - What is taxi fuel?
- The fuel required for start-up, taxi to the end of the runway.
- This is normally a standard figure
MB - The floor loading limit is?
- The distribution load intensity,
- The weight at the object divided by the area it cover (area load)
While and aircraft is in the air and on the ground what stresses does a wing endure while it is bending? (2)
- Tension
- Compression
MB - Specific gravity is?
SG is the weight of a liquid to water as 1.0
MB - The safety factor between the limit load and ultimate load is?
+ 1.5
MB - What does CS 25 cover?
Jet transport aircraft and turboprop not in the commuter category less than 5700 kg
MB - what EASA docs define load limitations?
CS 23 and CS 25
MB - What equation is used for moving load in an aircraft?
(Mass change / total mass) = (change of CG / distance moved)
MB - Additional fuel is…
The amount of fuel that is required in the event of a power unit or loss of pressurization. Based on assumption that the failure would fail at a most critical point the fuel will allow for:
- Decent to 1500ft
- Hold for 15 min
- Make an approach and landing
MB - To prevent cargo from moving it is secure by?
- Unit load devices,
- Palletised,
- Cargo nets.
If all facters are unchanged the fuel range with a forward centre of gravity will be?
With a forward CG the trim drag increases which increases the fuel burn.
What is the Basic Empty Mass?
The basic Empty mass is the mass of the aircraft plus:
- Unusable fuel and unusable liquids
- Lubricating oil in the engine and auxielry units
- Fire extinguishers
- Pyrotechniques
- Emergency O2 Equipment
- Supplimentary Electrical Equipment.
The Dry Operating Mass (DOM) is?
The total mass of an aircraft that is ready for a specific task minus eseable fuel and traffic load and includes:
- Crew & Crew Baggage
- Catering and Removable Passenger service Equipment
- Potable water and lav chemicals
- Food & Bevarges
The Maximum Zero Fuel Mass is?
Maximum Zero Fuel Mass (MZFM) is the maximum permissible mass of an aeroplane with no usable fuel.
What effect does the CG have on fuel flow if it further aft?
An aft CG reduces the trim drag, therefore less thrust is required resulting in a decrease in fuel consumption.
The Maximum taxi (ramp) mass is governed by?
Structural Consideration
