Mass and Density + Pressure Flashcards
What is the formula for pressure?
Pressure = Force / Area (p = F/A)
What is the unit of pressure?
Pascal (Pa), where 1 Pa = 1 N/m²
When is a solid object in equilibrium?
A solid object is in equilibrium if the forces acting on it from each side are equal.
When is a fluid in equilibrium?
A fluid is in equilibrium if the pressure on both sides is equal.
What is a hydraulic system?
A system where two pistons of different areas push on the same fluid, exerting equal pressure.
What is the formula for density?
Density = Mass / Volume (ρ = m/V)
What are the units of density?
Kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m³)
What is the density of water?
1000 kg/m³, or 1 g/cm³
What happens to pressure as depth increases?
Pressure increases due to the weight of the fluid above.
What direction do forces act on a submerged object?
Forces act at right angles to every surface of the object.
What is the formula for pressure at a certain depth?
p = ρgh (pressure = density × gravitational field strength × depth)
What additional factor must be considered for total pressure at depth?
The atmospheric pressure at the surface must be added.
Outline the structure of a solid
- Regular pattern, close packed
- Vibration in position
- Little space between particles
Outline the structure of a liquid
- Irregular pattern
- Able to move over/past other particles
- Little space between particles
Outline the structure of a gas
- No pattern
- Able to move freely/fast
- Larger space between particles
What shape do gases take?
Gases take the shape of their container.
What is a manometer?
A U-tube of water used to measure the pressure difference between the atmosphere and a gas.
How does a manometer measure pressure?
The difference in pressure holds the water higher on one side than the other.
What is the equation for pressure difference in a manometer?
∆P = ρ g Δh (pressure difference = density × gravitational field strength × height difference).
How do you calculate the total pressure of a gas in a manometer?
Atmospheric pressure must be added to the pressure difference.
What is the formula for weight?
Weight [N] = Mass [kg] × gravitational field strength [N/kg] (W = m × g)
What does W = m × g stand for?
W is weight in newtons, m is mass in kilograms, and g is gravitational field strength in newtons per kilogram.
What is the value of gravitational field strength on Earth?
On Earth, g = 10 N/kg
What is the term for the change of solid to liquid?
Melting
What is the term for the change of liquid to solid?
Freezing
What is the term for the change of liquid to gas?
Evaporation
What is the term for the change of gas to liquid?
Condensation
What is the term for the change of solid to gas?
Sublimation
What is the term for the change of gas to solid?
Deposition
