Mason side Flashcards
How is Chlorine useful?
Used to make water clean and drinkable. Also toxic but positives outweigh the negatives. Also used to make bleach
Define Exothermic
A reaction where by energy is transferred to the surroundings in the form of heat
(negative enthalpy change)
Define Endothermic
A reaction whereby energy is taken in from the surroundings resulting in loss of heat
(Positive enthalpy change)
Define Enthalpy change
Enthalpy change is a measurement of heat energy change at a constant pressure.
Written as a triangle with a H after it; using units of KJmol^-1
Define Enthalpy change of combustion
The enthalpy change when one mole of a substance is completely burnt in oxygen under standard conditions, all reactants and products being in their standard states.
Define Enthalpy change of formation
The enthalpy change when 1 mole of a compound is formed from it’s constituent elements under standard conditions, all reactants and products being in their standard states
What order is a reactant if it is not involved in the rate determining step?
0 order
What order is a reactant if it has 1 molecule in the rate determining step?
1st order
What order is a reactant if it has 2 molecules in the rate determining step?
2nd order
What is the Arrhenius Equation?
K = Ae^-Ea/RT
K = rate constant
Ea = Actication Energy (J mol^-1)
T = Temperature (k)
R = gas constant (8.31 JK^-1 mol^-1)
A = another constant
e = exponential function
When NaF, NaCl, NaI or NaBr reacts with H2SO4 what observation can be made?
Steamy or Misty fumes
HF or HCl or HBr or HI is made.
What can be observed when HBr reacts with H2SO4?
SO2 produces choking fumes
Br2 produces orange fumes
What can be observed when HI reacts with H2SO4?
H2S is formed producing an eggy smell
I2 is formed producing a black solid
When a F- ion reacts with Acidified silver nitrate solution what is observed?
No precipitate
When a Cl- ion reacts with Acidified silver nitrate solution what is observed?
White precipitate
when a Br- ion reacts with Acidified silver nitrate solution what is observed?
Cream precipitate
when an I- ion reacts with Acidified silver nitrate solution what is observed?
Yellow precipitate
What happens to white precipitate when dilute ammonia is added?
It dissolves
What happens to cream precipitate when dilute ammonia is added?
It’s insoluble
What happens to yellow precipitate when dilute ammonia is added?
It’s insoluble
What happens to cream precipitate when concentrated ammonia is added?
It dissolves
What happens to yellow precipitate when concentrated ammonia is added?
It’s insoluble
