Maslow’s hierarchy of needs Flashcards
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Psychological Security
Love & belonging
Esteem
experience
purpose
self-actualization
Drive-reduction theory: Hunger
Hypothalamus regulates blood sugar and level of liquid in cells
Social factor: eating disorders (anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa
Individual factors:set point,basal metabolic rate
Stimulus motivation: Physical contact
touch
Stimulus motivation: Social interactions
friendships or relationships
Stimulus motivation: Exploratory behavior
curiosity, reading as a hobby etc.
Achievement motivation: Intrinsic
doing something without any obvious external reward; it’s interesting
Achievement motivation: Extrinsic
reward-driven behavior
behavior modification that uses rewards/punishments to +/- the likelihood of a specific behavior to recure
Yerkes-Dodson Law
your performance on your task based on quality is based on arousal in environment
Physiology of emotions
Body movement
Autonomic system
Facial expressions
Physiology of emotions: Body movement
arm or leg movement etc.
Physiology of emotions: Autonomic system
involuntary movement in peripheral
Theories of emotion: James-Lange
Physiological arousal
Theories of emotion: Cannon-Bard
Phys. arousal and subjective experience
Theories of emotion: Schachter & Singer
Phys.arousal and cognitive label
Gender differences in emotion: Women
Women can be more emotional
sad,fear,suprise,acceptance,joy,anticipation
Gender differences in emotion: Men
Men have it as it is
disgust,anger,acceptance,joy
Positive psychology
Both individual and social well being
What makes life worth living
Characteristics of happy people
High self esteem
Optimistic
strong social support
practice religion
Engage skills in work and play
Stress
The process by which we perceive and respond to certain events that we appraise as threating or challenging
Causes of stress
Catastrophes
Significant life changes
Daily hassles
Major losses
Causes of stress
Catastrophes
Significant life changes
Daily hassles
Major losses
Social Readjustment Rating Scale (SRRS)
Self-assessment tool used to measure our stress
Selye’s General Adaptation Syndrome
1)alarm reaction
2)resistance
3)exhaustion
Individual differences in stress
Locus of control (me vs stress)
Personality factors: type A (anger) type B (optimistic)
Levels of optimism-pessimism
Techniques for reducing stress
Exercise
Relaxation
Social support
spirituality
Habits for maintaining health
Stop smoking
only drink in moderation or not at all
Nutritious diet
Exercise regularly
Watch your weight
syndrome marked by a clinically significant disturbance in an individual’s cognition emotion regulation or behavior
psychological disorders
DSM-5 classification of psychological disorders
Disorders defined by behavior
Types of anxiety disorders
Phobias
generalized anxiety disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
Generalized Anxiety
Tenses, apprehensive
“Free floating” fear-no obvious cause
Sympathetic nervous system arousal
Panic disorder is often present
Phobias
Focused on specific
Social phobia
Obsessive-compulsive disorders
Obsessions=recurring thoughts
Compulsions=Recurring behaviors
Causes of anxiety disorders: Learning
Fear conditioning
Reinforcement
Stimulus generalization
Observational learning
Causes of anxiety disorders: Biological
Evolution
Genes
Brain neuroanatomy
Stimulus generalization
Types of Mood Disorder
Major depressive disorder
Bipolar disoder
Factors of Mood disorder
Behavioral, Cognitive changes
Stressful life events
Gender
Characteristics and causes of dissociative disorders
Trauma (childhood trauma)
Amnesia, Fugue
Loss of memory and changed identity
Dissociative identity disorder
Characteristics and causes of personality disorders
Genetics
Trauma
Extreme, inflexible personality traits
Impairment of social functioning
Psychoanalysis techniques
Free association: letting people talk until they make a mistake
Dream analysis
Resistance from patient
Interpretation of unconscious motive
Transference by the client
Humanistic Therapy
“Active” listening
Unconditional Positive Regard
Client-centered approach
Humanistic Therapy: “Active” listening
Reflecting back what patient says, let them answer/find solution on own
Humanistic Therapy: Unconditional Positive regard
Empathy
Genuineness
Acceptance
Behavior therapies
Counter conditioning
Flooding
Behavior modification: Setting up “Token economies”
Averie conditioning (classical conditioning)
Systematic desensitization
Cognitive therapies
Change people negative thought patterns
Beck’s cognitive therapy
Rational-emotive therapy
Cognitive-behavior therapy
Effectiveness of psychotherapies: Behavior Therapy
80%
Effectiveness of psychotherapies: Cognitive Therapy
78%
Effectiveness of psychotherapies: Psychoanalysis
72%
Effectiveness of psychotherapies: Humanistic Therapy
60%
Drug Therapies
Antipsychotic Drugs
Antianxiety Drugs
Antidepressant Drugs
Drug Therapies: Antipsychotic Drugs
Thorazine
Haldol
Drug Therapies: Antianxiety Drugs
Valium
Xanax
Ativan
Drug Therapies: Antidepressant Drugs
Prozac
Cymbalta
Zoloft
Biomedical Therapies
Electro conclusive therapy (ECT)
Psychosurgery (lobotomy)
