Masculinity

Question 1

What is Hegemonic Masculinity

Answer 1

The dominant, normative displays of being a man

-most influential scripts

Question 2

What are the three criteria for hegemonic masculinity?

Answer 2

Exclusive - only a minority of men
Distinguishing - creates a hierarchy
Oppressive -legitimizes dominance over women and other men who don’t follow: “OTHERS”

Question 3

Define Subordinate Masculinity

Answer 3

Displays of being a man that are denigrative

-“not good enough”

Question 4

Define Complicit Masculinities

Answer 4

Not dominant but still receives the benefits and entitlement of being a man in a patriarchal society
-bench-players

Question 5

What is the Process of Ascendancy (to hegemony)

Answer 5

1. Pageantry + visibility
2. Censorship of other masculinities
3. Invisibility
4. Complicity of other masculinities
5. Approval of hegemonic masculinities by heterosexual women

Question 6

What is the summary of Hegemonic Masculinities on Campus

Answer 6

A reckless, competitive, insensitive jerk

Question 7

What are the Rules of Masculinity - Guyland

Answer 7

1. No sissy stuff
2. Be a big Wheel
3. Be an inanimate object - “Sturdy Oak”
4. Give ‘em Hell

Question 8

How does Stupid Masculinity become Infantilized Masculinity

Answer 8

The creation of the man child: Adult (middle-class white) husbands are Irresponsible, incompetent, immature -> chore domesticity

Question 9

Triad of Male Violence

Answer 9

1. Violence to Self
2. Violence to other men
3. Violence to women

Question 10

What are the FOUR Pathways to Violence (Violent Masculinity)

Answer 10

1. Toughness: power, competition, control
2. Anger: Decline of patriarchy -> misogyny, homophobia (INCELS)
3. Fear (of vulnerability): society is more competitive due to equality; less opportunities that used to be guaranteed for white men
4. Alienation: Inexpressive male - PRESSURE COOKERS

Question 11

Cycle of Toxic Masculinity

Answer 11

1. social change
2. generalized threat
3. fearful masculinity
4. alienated masculinity
5. bro culture
6. violent masculinity + stupid masculinity

Question 12

2 Types of Inexpressiveness

Answer 12

1. Cowboy: he does have feelings toward women, does not or cannot express them;
2. Playboy: detached and communicates only to exploit women sexually

Question 13

Stupid Masculinity

Answer 13

• Hegemonic in the world of young men in U.S. society

- The display of toughness through risky, dangerous, competitive behavior to prove one’s manhood

Question 14

Bro Culture

Answer 14

Part of the culture that renders stupid masculinity hegemonic
Set of interrelated practices and ideas which normalizes the objectification of women and create sexist men
Sexism is inconsequential

Question 15

elements and themes of bro culture

Answer 15

found in homosocial bonding environments eg. frat houses
violence becomes humors eg. rape jokes
womanizer/player/fuckboy 
pornographic society
conformity to peers

Question 16

“Pornography and Sexuality” (Brod)

Answer 16

Porn has negative consequences:

• contributes to triad of male violence
• insights violence by men on women
• harmful to men: self-alienating

Question 17

According to Brod, why is pornography harmful to men?

Answer 17

Creates unrealistic expectations
Equates sex and intimacy (which leads to never being satisfied and alienation of emotional connection)
Sensuality gets restricted

Question 18

Suppression of empathy

Answer 18

homosocial environments segregates men from women and creates the process of othering

Question 19

Culture of silence

Answer 19

Unspoken code/rituals where guys don’t snitch so they can stay in the group

Question 20

How does “A New Vision For Masculinity” suggest masculinity should change?

Answer 20

1. accepting vulnerability
2. learn nurturance
3. practice non-violence
4. accept femininity
5. learn cooperation

Question 21

What would the results of “A new vision for masculinity” be?

Answer 21

Less sexism and insecurity in men

Hold males accountable

Question 22

What are the differences between a “rape-prone” society and a “rape-free” society?

Answer 22

Rape-Free: non-industrial society

1. women and men have different roles but women are still highly valued
2. men respect women,
3. female participation in economy and political system and men with child-rearing

Rape-Prone: militarized society

1. Men don’t respect women
2. rape is confused with “normal” sex, sex is linked with violence

Question 23

Why is our society a rape-prone society, despite deep advances in gender equality?

Answer 23

1. militarism
2. inextricable link with sex and violence
3. many rapes are dismissed as “not really rape”
4. interpersonal violence
5. ideology of male toughness
6. distant father-child relationships

Question 24

What characteristics make it easier for members of fraternities and sports team to commit rape?

Answer 24

1. sense of invulnerability and entitlement
2. people are more aggressive in groups
3. strong identification with a group replaces individual ethics with group ethics
4. socialization and social roles -> competition and camaraderie

Question 25

What does it mean when we say that our cultural definition of masculinity makes sex exploitative and public rather than intimate and private?

Answer 25

1. pledging promotes objectification of women, humiliation of men in front of other men, women, and humiliation of women in front of men
   - ex. videotaping/peeping on other fraternity men having sex with women
2. verbal component of sexual competition where men speak grossly of women and sexual encounters makes it public

Question 26

What causes Fearful Masculinity

Answer 26

Male inexpressiveness:

• intentional manipulation of a situation when threat to the male position occur
• male attempt at CONTROL and maintain his position

Question 27

Alienated masculinity

Answer 27

Men have unrealistic expectations of women and sex from pornography and become alienated from their emotions/sexuality which generates hostility (towards women)