Mary Tudor 1553 - 1558

Question 1

What did the Salic Law do?

Answer 1

Excluded women from ruling

Question 2

Why were female rulers unfavourable after the civil war?

Answer 2

• Female ruler = Matilda
• Led to civil war because she was female and support for Stephen - Stephen became king after civil war
• Female rulers unfavourable afterwards

Question 3

There was widespread belief that women could not do what?

Answer 3

Control factions

Question 4

Were women able to lead armies into battle, according to beliefs at the time?

Answer 4

No

Question 5

What was the result of Mary not letting her gender limit her God-given power?

Answer 5

By making it possible for queens to rule as kings, Mary provided Elizabeth with a template by establishing the gender-free authority of a queen

Question 6

Was it believed that even queens should be subservient to their husbands?

Answer 6

Yes

Question 7

Who did Gardiner support to become Mary’s husband?

Answer 7

Edward Courtenay, Earl of Devon

Question 8

Who did Paget support to be Mary’s husband?

Answer 8

Philip II of Spain

Question 9

Was Paget Protestant or Catholic?

Answer 9

Protestant

Question 10

Was Gardiner Protestant or Catholic?

Answer 10

Catholic

Question 11

Why was there a clash between Paget and Gardiner over the revival of the heresy laws?

Answer 11

• In April 1554, Parliament rejected reintroduction of heresy laws and did not agree to them until it had guaranteed that monastic lands would not be restored to the Church
• Many argued this is evidence of the unpopularity of Mary’s religious reforms
• However, the struggle to reintroduce laws was part of the factional struggle between Paget and Gardiner
• The same laws that had been rejected was passed once Paget and his supporters backed it

Question 12

Despite the delay in passing the heresy laws and Paget and Gardiner wanting Mary to support their policies, were they able to put aside their differences for much of Mary’s reign?

Answer 12

Yes

Question 13

Why was it unacceptable for Mary to marry an English nobleman?

Answer 13

Elevation of power would cause jealousy and rivalry in the court that could lead to conflict

Question 14

Why was Mary marrying a foreigner also unacceptable to nationalist England?

Answer 14

• A foreign husband might drag England into continental conflicts
• Foreign powers would be ruling England

Question 15

Mary chose to marry Philip II of Spain and did what?

Answer 15

Limited his constitutional power within England, showing Mary ruled with full royal authority

Question 16

Did Mary attempt to alter the succession in 1558?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What happened when Mary died in 1558?

Answer 17

The crown passed peacefully to Elizabeth

Question 18

What did Mary try to persuade Elizabeth to do?

Answer 18

Maintain the Catholic faith

Question 19

Did Elizabeth maintain the Catholic faith?

Answer 19

No because she was Protestant