Mary I: Religious change Flashcards
What was Mary’s aim in her religious policies.
Mary’s aim with regards to religious policy was to initiate the counter-reformation to convert the English people back to Roman Catholicism.
Outline Mary’s initial actions.
Initially, parliament met and refused to repeal the Act of Supremacy imposed under the reigns of Edward VI and KHVIII. However, in 1553, Parliament did pass an Act of Repeal which undid all Edwardian reformation, and revived mass. This reformed the Church to what it had been in 1547 under the Act of Six Articles. The Chantries Act was not repealed as the issue surrounding monastic lands was tedious to deal with.
When, how many, and where were Protestants were exiled.
In January 1554, there was a mass exodus of Protestant to Germany. It is estimated that around 800 Protestants were exiled.
Outline Mary’s introduction of the Hersey Laws.
In April 1554, parliament initially rejected the reintroduction of the Heresy Laws, but then agreed when it was established that monastic lands would not be given to the church. This reintroduction made it a crime to be Protestant and to not follow Catholicism. People who refused to convert were liable to be burned.
What impact did the second Act of Repeal have?
This ended the royal supremacy and returned England to papal authority as it had been before KHVIII’s break with Rome.
When, who, and why, was the first Protestant martyr.
In February 1555, John Rogers, a biblical translator, became the first Protestant martyr of the reign when he was burned under the restored Heresy Laws.
Outline how Mary was dragged into war through religion.
Pople Julius III had died and was replaced with the anti-Spanish Pople Paul IV. When war broke out in 1555, Mary was dragged into a war with the Papacy.
What happened after Stephan Gardner’s death.
He had influence over Mary and her religious policies and following his death, the number of prosecutions regarding heresy increased dramatically. Thomas Cranmer was burned. Although his death could be in part due to treason as he had originally sided with Lady Jane Gray to be queen instead of Mary, his death was labelled under heresy and under the Heresy Laws. Overall, nearly 300 Protestants were burned as part of Mary’s bid to stamp out Heresy.
What happened to Mary’s relations with the Pope towards the end of her reign.
By 1557, relations between Mary and the Pope had worsened. The Pope had called for Pole to be a heretic and he was to be recalled, however, Mary refused to let him go back. She also rejected his replacement. Her legal position can be compared to the position of KHVIII.
