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a level history: the tudors > Mary I 1553-1558 > Flashcards

Mary I 1553-1558 Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Mary arrive in London?

A

3rd August 1553

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2
Q

When Mary arrived in London, how was she met?

A

Met with a celebration in the streets

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3
Q

When was Mary’s proclamation?

A

16th August 1553

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4
Q

What was Mary’s proclamation?

A

She stated that she intended to make England Catholic again

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5
Q

Was Mary Protestant or Catholic?

A

Catholic

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6
Q

When did Mary become queen/when was her coronation?

A

October 1553

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7
Q

When was the 1st Act of Repeal?

A

October 1553

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8
Q

What was the 1st Act of Repeal?

A

Undid Edward’s reformation

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9
Q

Who were Mary’s suitors?

A

Edward Courtenay - English

Philip II - Spanish

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10
Q

What were the benefits and concerns for England of Mary marrying Edward Courtenay?

A
  • More popular with the English people that the foreigner
  • His Yorkist roots could resurrect the wars of the Roses by creating a powerful alternative monarch
  • His family might dominate court
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11
Q

What were the benefits and concerns for England of Mary marrying Philip II?

A
  • Habsburg alliance would forge closer links with the Netherlands, Britain’s main trading partner
  • Parliament was concerned that England could become a colony of the powerful Spanish Empire.
  • Charles V certainly wanted to use England in his own wars against France
  • Country would be dominated by foreigners
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12
Q

What religion did Edward Courtenay follow?

A

Catholicism

- Although with rumoured Protestant tendencies

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13
Q

What religion was Philip II?

A

Staunchly Catholic

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14
Q

Who does Mary choose to marry?

A

Philip II

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15
Q

What issues did Mary face due to her gender?

A
  • Unable to control faction
  • Unable to lead an army into battle
    A woman was expected to marry but women were to be subservient to their husbands
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16
Q

When did Mary inform the Council that it was her intention to marry Philip?

A

27th October 1553

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17
Q

When was the marriage treaty presented to the council?

A

7th December 1553

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18
Q

When was the marriage treaty approved by the council?

A

January 1554

19
Q

Why did Northumberland’s LJG plot fail?

A
  • Only 2,000 troops compared to Mary’s 20,000/30,000
  • Did not act decisively
  • Left London
  • Needed to rally forces, distribute propaganda and lack of support of the Privy Council-unpopular
  • Arrested then executed
  • Mary acted without hesitation proclaiming herself queen and had a legitimate claim to the throne in comparison to LJG
20
Q

Who led Wyatt’s rebellion?

A
  • Thomas Wyatt = Main leader
  • Sir peter Carew from Devon
  • Sir James Croft from Heredfordshire
  • Duke of Suffolk from Leicestershire
21
Q

What was the plan of Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

Planned for 4 uprisings on the 18th March 1554 in Herefordshire, Devon, Leicestershire and Kent

22
Q

When did Wyatt’s rebellion plan to launch their uprisings?

A

18th March 1554

23
Q

Did all 4 uprisings take place?

A

No, only the uprising in Kent occurred

24
Q

When did Wyatt’s Rebellion in Kent take place?

A

29th January 1554 - 7th February

25
Q

Why did Wyatt’s Rebellion fail?

A
  • Uprisings in the Midlands and West Country failed to go off
  • Wyatt delayed his advance on London and gave the city time to organise its defences
  • Too many nobles involved
  • Mary rallied support (Guildhall speech)
  • Renard and Paget disocvered the rebellion plans early
26
Q

How many men were in the army of Wyatt’s rebellion?

A

4,000

27
Q

What successes Wyatt’s Rebellion have?

A
  • Army of 4,000 men
  • His proximity to London greatly worried the government there
  • Captured some of the Queen’s ships at Gravesend, and he took Cooling Castle
28
Q

How much of a threat was Wyatt’s rebellion?

A
  • Had potential to overthrow Mary however, Wyatt’s delayed response allowed London to gather an army and the crushing of rebellion
  • Proximity to London worried the govt
  • Only 1 attack went off
29
Q

Did Wyatt’s Rebellion have much support?

A
  • Wyatt had an army of 2,500 in Kent, 4,000 overall
  • French and Scots were hastily fitting out ships and raising troops to aid the rebels however, no foreign support - French did not seize the opportunity to invade
  • King of Denmark is ‘joining in’ with the hope that Elizabeth would marry his son or brother
  • Around 500 had deserted Mary and turned to Wyatt and his cause.
  • Nobles who lost positions after Edward’s death aw rebellion as the only way to reverse a decline in their political fortunes.
30
Q

What happened to the rebels of Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A
  • 480 convicted
  • 90 executed
  • 600 pardoned
  • Thomas Wyatt and Duke of Suffolk executed for treason
31
Q

What were the causes of Wyatt’s Rebellion?

A
  • Spanish marriage to Philip II
  • Religious motivation
  • Decline in cloth industry
  • Wanted Mary off the throne and to be replaced with Elizabeth
32
Q

When was the 2nd Act of Repeal?

A

1554

33
Q

What was the 2nd Act of Repeal?

A

Full Catholicism

34
Q

When were the Heresy Laws?

A

April 1554

35
Q

What were the Heresy Laws?

A
  • It was treason to not follow Catholicism

- Punishable by death

36
Q

How many Protestants did Mary allow to leave England?

A

800

37
Q

When did Mary allow Protestants to leave England?

A

1554

38
Q

When were the first Protestant burnings?

A

1555

39
Q

How many Protestants were burned?

A

284

40
Q

When was Cranmer burned?

A

1556

41
Q

Who was Cranmer?

A

Former Archbishop of Canterbury

42
Q

When was Pole recalled to Rome?

A

1557

43
Q

When did Mary die?

A

1558

a level history: the tudors (3 decks)

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