Mary And Ministers

Question 1

What problems did Mary inherit?

Answer 1

• Religious division
• Not raised to rule
• Trusted supporters (Rochester, Waldegrave, Bedingfield) had no experience in government
• Protestant ministers from Edward

Question 2

Who were Mary’s new governors?

Answer 2

• Gardiner : Catholic , imprisoned by Edward
• Lord Paget
• Churchmen

Question 3

Why was Mary never quite at ease with her councillors?

Answer 3

• Paget had opposed her religious programme
• Gardiner as he failed to support Catherine (mother) in Break with Rome, however he was indispensable

Question 4

When did Gardiner die? What was the effect?

Answer 4

• 1555
• left a gap that was never filled
• Phillip and Simon Renard’s judgement became key

Question 5

How many MPs opposed reversal of Edward’s religious policy?

Answer 5

80, substantial minority

Question 6

What was the marriage alliance drawn up for Mary and Phillip?

Answer 6

• Phillip given title of King but none of the power
• No foreigners to hold English offices
• If Mary were to die first Phillip would not have claim to England

Question 7

What was the complication of marrying Phillip in relation to religion?

Answer 7

• The Pope (Paul IV) was Anti-Spanish
• England dragged into war by Spain against France, effectively against the Papacy

Question 8

When did England declare war on France? Why?

Answer 8

• 1557
• Landing of French troops at Scarborough led by Thomas Stafford

Question 9

How was Mary’s foreign policy a failure?

Answer 9

• Lost Calais in 1558, been in English hands for centuries
• Attack of port in Brest failed

Question 10

How did Mary reform the Navy and Militia?

Answer 10

• 6 new ships built
• Peacetime allowance of £14,000 to the Navy
• 2 Parliamentary acts on methods to raise troops