Mary Flashcards
Matilda was queen of England in the twelfth century, what was a result of this? and why did this have an impact on others’ opinions of a female ruler?
Civil war broke out and this raised the concern that there would be no acceptance of a female ruler and therefore create instability.
what law did some countries use to exclude women from the throne?
Salic law
Why did Henry have such a great concern of having a male heir?
He believed that a female heir would create dynastic weakness
Give examples of why there was fears of having a female queen…
1) A woman would be unable to control faction
2) A woman would be unable to lead an army into battle
3) A woman was expected to marry but within the 16th century, women had to be subservient to their husbands.
What were the issues of Mary marrying either a foreigner or an Englishman?
- Marrying an Englishman = the husbands family could rise in station and dominate court
- Marrying a foreigner = the country would be dominated by foreigners
Who were the two realistic candidates for Mary’s marriage? and who were they supported by?
- Edward Courtenay = Earl of Devon (Supported by Gardiner)
2. Philip of Spain (Supported by Paget)
When did Mary inform the Council that she intended to marry Philip?
27 October 1553
When was the Marriage Treaty approved?
January 1554
How many months after the Lady Jane Grey affair was the Wyatt’s rebellion?
six months
The uprising was initially going to be a four pronged attack. Where were they?
- Devon
- Leicestershire
- Welsh borders
- Kent
What were the other reasons for the Wyatt’s rebellion?
There was also religious motives as Wyatt was a Protestant and the other leaders had links to the Protestant faith.
They planned to marry Elizabeth to Courtenay but he disclosed the scheme.
How did Mary deal with the Wyatt’s rebellion?
She sent a militant force under Norfolk but they deserted therefore the rebels reached the gates of London.
How was Mary’s privy council structured?
It was large and filled with her own supporters who helped her gain the throne and kept many experienced administrators.
Some argued that Mary’s Privy council was ineffective. How is this not true?
- rare for all councillors to be present
- in 1555 an ‘inner circle’ council was established
- Philips departure in 1555 and the death of Gardiner allowed Paget to dominate and establish a conciliar form of government.
Why was there initial clashes between Gardiner and Paget?
Because of Mary’s marriage choice and also the revival of the heresy laws.
What did the clashes between Gardiner and Paget prove?
That there was clear unpopularity with Mary’s religious policies.
Why did Mary always refer everything to the Spanish Ambassador or the Cardinal Pole?
Because she didn’t trust her councillors advice
What did Mary issue at the start of her reign?
a proclamation stating that she intended to cautiously change religion back to Catholicism.
What did Parliament refuse to repeal in 1553
Act of Supremacy
When was the Act of repeal passed and what did it do and what did it restore?
1553
Undid the changes made under Edward and restored the situation to that of 1547 under the Act of Six Articles
What did Mary suspend and why?
She suspended the Second Act of Uniformity using the royal prerogative in order to restore mass
1) What restored traditional Catholic practises?
2) Give examples of the practises?
1) Royal injunctions in 1554
2) holy days, processions and ceremonies
What happened to the initial attempts to restore the Heresy Laws in 1554?
They were rejected by parliament
Why wouldn’t parliament agree to the Heresy Laws being reinstated in 1554?
They wouldn’t pass them until there was a guarantee that the monastic lands would be restored
