Mary

Question 1

Mary proclaimed Queen

Answer 1

June 1553

Question 2

Mary married Phillip II of Spain

Answer 2

1554

Question 3

How was Mary able to secure the throne

Answer 3

She had a bigger force that Northumberland, and all of his force deserted him due to rumours of Mary’s 30,000 strong army(actually had army of 300)
-Northumberland had 2000, they deserted him
- Mary was proclaimed Queen in London and shortly after, Northumberland was executed

Question 4

What was the issue with Mary’s gender?

Answer 4

-Henry Viii viewed female rulers to be too emotional and not pragmatic or strong enough to mark hard political decisions.
- He viewed a return to chaos of the wars of the roses.
- She had no advice available from the clergy regarding the coronation of a woman
- First female ruler of England.

Question 5

How did Mary secure the throne?

Answer 5

Released political prisoners like the Duke of Norfolk, showed leniency towards opponents.

• Northumberland executed, some of his council allowed to join the privy council.

Question 6

Why did people oppose the marriage? Mary

Answer 6

• People were worried that her husband would rule through her.
• A foreign husband may drag England into continental conflicts and Phillip’s wars.

Question 7

What power did big Phil have

Answer 7

none

Question 8

What was the government of Mary like?

Answer 8

Affairs of state handled by an inner council
- Council had too many members who had no political ability.
- Mary did not appear to exert leadership over her council.
- Strong support from higher clergy
- Traditional view that parliament strongly opposed Mary’s policies.

Question 9

What were the factions like under Mary?

Answer 9

• Moderates (Paget) and Catholics(Gardiner) were able to work together to restore an effective government.
• Gardiner wanted Mary to marry Edward Courtenay as he was a descendant of the Plantagenet kings.
• Paget wanted Mary to marry Phillip to have closer link with Hapsburgs.

Question 10

1st Act of repeal….. : Parliament refused to appeal the act of supremacy, this undid changes made under Edward and restored religious situation in ….. (Six articles)

Answer 10

1553
1547

Question 11

: Royal (Gardiner’s) Injunctions - restored some traditional Catholic practices such as Holy days, and processions, banned married clergy and removed Protestant bishops.

Answer 11

Jan 1554:

Question 12

april 1554

Answer 12

heresy laws - agreed that heretics could be burned, heavily opposed by parliament.

Question 13

Nov 1554

Answer 13

2nd Act of repeal - repealed all religious legislation since 1529, protected rights of those who had bought Church land since 1536.

Question 14

1554

Answer 14

Act of Supremacy annulled - meant whole country restored to Papal obedience.

Question 15

How many burnings were there

Answer 15

800 Protestants were in exile abroad
- Almost 300 Protestants were burned for refusing to adhere to heresy laws(this was 274 after Gardiner’s death)

Question 16

What was the attitude to Mary’s religious changes

Answer 16

• Bells greeted Mary’s accession, Parliament sang mass
• Once the gentry were ready to conform, most of the population followed
• Charles blocked Pole from returning to England too quickly
• In Devon, people contributed to buy decorations for the churches.
• No public outcry to the restoration of Mass
• No big rebellions solely on religion.