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Sociology: Education > Marxist Perspective on Education > Flashcards

Marxist Perspective on Education Flashcards

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Sociology 101 flashcards
1
Q

who created the Marxism theory

A

Karl Marx (1818-83)

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2
Q

what did Marx’s work represent

A

a critique of industrial capitalism

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3
Q

what did the industrial revolution lead to

A

the development of a capitalist society where inequalities became more pronounced and extreme

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4
Q

do marxists agree with capitalism

A

no

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5
Q

what is capitalism in society based on

A

the individual and private ownership of wealth

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6
Q

what is inevitable within a capitalist society

A

huge inequalities in income and wealth

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7
Q

what did Marx see that capitalism led to

A

the emergence of an extremely two class system

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8
Q

whats included in the two class system

A
  • a class of owners

- a class of non owners

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9
Q

what is the class of owners in the two class system

A
  • the capitalists owners of economy
  • rich, wealthy, powerful
  • bourgeoisie
  • ruling elite
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10
Q

bourgeoisie

A

the capitalist class who own most of society’s wealth and means of production

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11
Q

what is the class of non owners in the two class system

A
  • workers, labouring class
  • lacking power and wealth
  • subordinate (subject) class
  • proletariat
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12
Q

proletariat

A

working-class people regarded collectively

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13
Q

how much of the worlds wealth does each f the classes own

A
  • owners (ruling class) 90%

- non owners (subordinate class) 10%

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14
Q

egalitarian

A

equal society

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15
Q

are both classes dependant on each other? why

A

yes

owners depend on n/o for labour and n/o depend on them for money

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16
Q

how can the dependance on each other lead to exploitation within the two class system

A

n/o are overworked and aren’t given money to reflect this

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17
Q

why might the owners not feel as though they have to listen to n/o

A

theres always more workers

the workers have a low bargaining position so are weak

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18
Q

false class consciousness

A

the true nature of an exploitive situation is distorted to the real nature of the problem

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19
Q

what is false class consciousness a result of

A

ruling class ideology

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20
Q

who does Marx say suffers from false class consciousness

A

proletariat

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21
Q

what do marxists see ed as based on

A

class division and capitalist exploitation

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22
Q

status quo

A

the norm, how things are

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23
Q

how do Marxists believe the status quo is maintained

A

the bourgeoise control the state, enabling them to maintain their dominant position

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24
Q

why are marxists so critical of educations

A

the state use it as a means to prevent revolutions and maintain capitalism

  • marxists disagree with capitalism
  • say it encourages people to conform
  • creates a society of conformers
25
Q

when was Althusser

A

1971

26
Q

what did Althusser say

A

the state consists of two essential elements, serving to keep the bourgeoisie in power

27
Q

who said the state consists of two essential elements, serving to keep the bourgeoisie in power

A

Althusser 1971

28
Q

what are the two elements Althusser (1971) talks of

A
  • the repressive state apparatus (RSAs)

- the idealogical state apparatus (ISAs)

29
Q

what do the RSAs do

A

maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie by force/ threat of

often to repress the working class

30
Q

what does the RSAs include

A
  • police
  • courts
  • army
31
Q

what do the ISAs do

A

maintain the rule of the bourgeoisie by controlling peoples ideas values and beliefs

32
Q

what does the ISAs include

A
  • religion
  • mass media
  • education system
33
Q

who do marxists say is more powerful out of RSA and ISA

A

ISAs because they control in less obvious ways and you don’t realise you’re being indoctrinated (e.g. children I schools)

34
Q

what 2 functions does Althusser say education performs

A
  • reproduces class inequality

- legitimising class inequality

35
Q

how does Althusser say ed reproduces class inequalities

A

transmitting it from generation to generation, by failing each successive generation of working class pupils

36
Q

how does Althusser say ed legitimises class inequality

A

produces ideologies that disguise its true cause, persuading workers to accept that inequality is inevitable and they deserve their subordinate position in society

37
Q

when were Bowles and Gintis

A

1976

38
Q

what did Bowles and giants say about education

A

its best understood as an institution acting to reinforce social relationships existing in economic life

39
Q

what did Bowles and Gintis say schools foster

A

types of personality development compatible with the relationships of domination and subordination in work and society as a whole

40
Q

who’s happy and who’s critical of school as a microcosm of society

A

functionalists- happy

marxists- critical

41
Q

how do Bowles and Gintis say the education system operates

A

through the hidden curriculum, not the official one

42
Q

hidden curriculum

A

informal, unofficial curriculum that runs alongside the official/formal curriculum and teaches us more

43
Q

examples of things taught through hidden curric

A 
rules regarding behaviour
social skills
respect
punctuality
sanctions (punishments)
44
Q

what do Bowles and Gintis say the role of society is in a capitalist society

A

to reproduce an obedient workforce hat accept inequality as inevitable

45
Q

what are the four parts of the correspondence principle

A
  • relationships of authority and control
  • relationships of domination and subordination
  • fragmentation of knowledge
  • motivation by external rewards
46
Q

what are the relationships of authority and control in school

A

students/teachers

teachers among teachers

47
Q

what do the relationships of authority and control represent within a school

A

they reflect the hierarchy of authority in the workplace, it prepares students to accept the hierarchy of of authority

48
Q

what do relationships of domination and subordination differ in relation to

A

the type of school and level of schooling, schools do different things to different students

49
Q

what do relationships of domination and subordination reflect

A

the different levels of the occupational structure

  • at lower evils workers are given more supervision and guidance
  • higher levels trusted to internalise the company’s goals
50
Q

how is fragmentation of knowledge reflected

A

the division of labour (work) into small, meaningless tasks

51
Q

what are pupils, mainly, motivated by

A

extrinsic rewards rather ran interest in the subjects studied

52
Q

what does motivation by external rewards reflect

A

the roles of wages as motivation for the workforce rather than intrinsic satisfaction from the job itself

53
Q

what is a capitalist society based on

A

inequality

54
Q

how do Bowles and Gintis say the ed system prevents rebellions

A

legitimising class inequalities, producing ideologies that justify why its natural fair, natural and inevitable

55
Q

what do Bowles and Gintis say the ed system is

A

a ‘gigantic myth making machine’

56
Q

what do Bowles and Gintis say the key myth of the ed system, is

A

the ‘myth of meritocracy’

57
Q

what is the myth of meritocracy

A

it justifies the privileges of the higher classes

58
Q

how does the ed system justify poverty

A

promoting the ‘poor are dumb’ myth, blaming poverty on the individual rather than capitalism

Sociology: Education (9 decks)

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