Marxism Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 theories for traditional Marxism?

A

Crime as a form of resistance
Manipulation of values
Law creation
Law enforcement
Motivation for crime

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2
Q

What is crime as a form of resistance

A

Crime is a fight back against oppression

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3
Q

What is manipulation of values

A

What is seen as criminal is defined by the ruling class
Street crime is a big threat, most likely caused by wc and ethnic minorities
Controlled by the media

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4
Q

What is law creation

A

Pass laws that favour the ruling class, utilise these connections
Pass laws on that make wc appear deviant

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5
Q

What did Mannheim say about law creation

A

Law protects private property
Which protects the wealth of the ruling class

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6
Q

What did box say about law creation

A

Ruling class have an influence on law creation due to their influence on the government

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7
Q

What did Chambliss say about law creation

A

Protect private property
Protect ownership of property

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8
Q

What did snider say about law creation

A

Activity of businesses aren’t regulated in the same way as the working class

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9
Q

What did Pearce say about law creation

A

Laws that benefit the working class always benefit capitalism
Employment legislation is a smokescreen to make capitalism appear as caring, ruling class benefit from a healthy and loyal base of consumers

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10
Q

What does law creation act as

A

Ideological state apparatus

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11
Q

What is law enforcement

A

Laws are enforced selectively
Street crime is highly pursued by the police than white collar
2019 = 47,000 injuries from knife crime, 69,000 injured at work

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12
Q

What did snider say about law enforcement

A

White collar crime costs society more

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13
Q

What does law enforcement provide

A

Ideological functions for ruling class, laws can be enforced when working class don’t conform to ruling class norms

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14
Q

What is motivation for crime

A

Desire for money

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15
Q

What does Reiman believe about motivation for crime

A

That capitalism does not encourage utilitarian crime
Economic failure is a source of shame, encourages individuals to feel frustrated and turn to other forms of crime

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16
Q

What does Gordon say about the motivation for crime

A

Capitalism is criminogenic
Likely to produce crime as it produces a competitive dog eat dog society where individuals will trample over eachother in an attempt to succeed

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17
Q

What happened in the grenfall tower

A

72 people died
High rise fire broke out due to a faulty refrigerator
Private companies were involved in the refurbishment created an unsafe building
Privatisation weakened public services, introduced conflicts of interest between safety and profit

18
Q

What is neo Marxism

A

The new criminology
Critical criminology

19
Q

What did Taylor, Walton and Young say about neo Marxism

A

Extreme inequality is the cause of crime
The state enforced law and interest of the powerful
Marxism is deterministic in assuming that economic inequality forces people to commit crime
Criminals act as a form of active resistance against unequal structure of society

20
Q

Why do neo Marxists believe that people commit crime

A

Situational factors eg loss of job, motivation to deviate etc

21
Q

What are the 6 important aspects to crime that new criminology believed in

A

The wider origins of the act
The immediate origins of the act
The act itself
Immediate origins of social reaction
The wider origins of social reaction
The effects of labelling

22
Q

What is the wider origins of the act

A

Referring to power structures in society, motivation for deviant behaviour

23
Q

What is the immediate origins of the act

A

The circumstances that led to the crime eg loss of job

24
Q

What is the act itself

A

The purpose of the act

25
What is the immediate origins of social reaction
How did those closest to the deviant react
26
What is the wider origins of social reaction
How did the entirety of society react
27
What are the effects of labelling
Will it cause a master status
28
What is the evaluation of new criminology
Doesn’t provide solutions to coke Ignores victims of crime (subjective) Too idealistic Why working class commit crime against eachother?
29
What are crimes of the powerful
White collar crime Breaking health and saftey laws Breaking environmental laws
30
What are the types of white collar crime
Fraud Embezzlement Money laundering Bribery Cyber crime
31
What is an example of white collar crime
MPs expenses scandal we’re claiming parliamentary expenses eg second home allowances, cleaning costs etc despite breaking the law and stealing money, just required to give the money back
32
How does white collar crime remain invisible
Média Politics Police Law Underreporting
33
How does the media and politics cause the invisibility of white collar crime
Créâtes a moral panic around working class Gives a bad reputation, don’t want to divert their votes, diverting to street crime and offering solutions gives them more credibility
34
How does the police, law and under reporting result in white collar crime being invisible
Police bias towards middle class Middle class can manipulate the law to get a lesser charge Victims may not realise they are a victim of white collar crime and not report it
35
How is white collar crime dangerous
Environmental harm which can result in death Violations to wage laws Lack of health and safety laws Sexual and racial discrimination
36
What is boxs explanation for corporate crime
There is a mystification of cooperate crime making it seem better than white collar crome To protect elites profits
37
What are the organised crimes chamblis identified
Illegal gambling Prositituayion Pornography Drugs
38
What does chambliss mean when he says those involved in organised crime belong to the political and economic elite
Those who are involved in these types of crimes are usually the ones who make them but commit them themselves
39
How does the organised crime study support the Marxist theory
Créâtes a mystification that the crimes committed aren’t that bad as working class crimes Yet they still create the same amount of harm
40
What do Hobbs and Dunningham mean by glocal crime
Where global links were used yet they still keep a local base
41
How has organised crime changed compared to the past
Not located in one area anhmkre No longer at a local base so it is harder to find them Lot more individuals are not involved in crime
42
What link is there between capitalism and organised crime
People have their own businesses but also their own illegitimate businesses