Marxism Flashcards
What are the 5 theories for traditional Marxism?
Crime as a form of resistance
Manipulation of values
Law creation
Law enforcement
Motivation for crime
What is crime as a form of resistance
Crime is a fight back against oppression
What is manipulation of values
What is seen as criminal is defined by the ruling class
Street crime is a big threat, most likely caused by wc and ethnic minorities
Controlled by the media
What is law creation
Pass laws that favour the ruling class, utilise these connections
Pass laws on that make wc appear deviant
What did Mannheim say about law creation
Law protects private property
Which protects the wealth of the ruling class
What did box say about law creation
Ruling class have an influence on law creation due to their influence on the government
What did Chambliss say about law creation
Protect private property
Protect ownership of property
What did snider say about law creation
Activity of businesses aren’t regulated in the same way as the working class
What did Pearce say about law creation
Laws that benefit the working class always benefit capitalism
Employment legislation is a smokescreen to make capitalism appear as caring, ruling class benefit from a healthy and loyal base of consumers
What does law creation act as
Ideological state apparatus
What is law enforcement
Laws are enforced selectively
Street crime is highly pursued by the police than white collar
2019 = 47,000 injuries from knife crime, 69,000 injured at work
What did snider say about law enforcement
White collar crime costs society more
What does law enforcement provide
Ideological functions for ruling class, laws can be enforced when working class don’t conform to ruling class norms
What is motivation for crime
Desire for money
What does Reiman believe about motivation for crime
That capitalism does not encourage utilitarian crime
Economic failure is a source of shame, encourages individuals to feel frustrated and turn to other forms of crime
What does Gordon say about the motivation for crime
Capitalism is criminogenic
Likely to produce crime as it produces a competitive dog eat dog society where individuals will trample over eachother in an attempt to succeed
What happened in the grenfall tower
72 people died
High rise fire broke out due to a faulty refrigerator
Private companies were involved in the refurbishment created an unsafe building
Privatisation weakened public services, introduced conflicts of interest between safety and profit
What is neo Marxism
The new criminology
Critical criminology
What did Taylor, Walton and Young say about neo Marxism
Extreme inequality is the cause of crime
The state enforced law and interest of the powerful
Marxism is deterministic in assuming that economic inequality forces people to commit crime
Criminals act as a form of active resistance against unequal structure of society
Why do neo Marxists believe that people commit crime
Situational factors eg loss of job, motivation to deviate etc
What are the 6 important aspects to crime that new criminology believed in
The wider origins of the act
The immediate origins of the act
The act itself
Immediate origins of social reaction
The wider origins of social reaction
The effects of labelling
What is the wider origins of the act
Referring to power structures in society, motivation for deviant behaviour
What is the immediate origins of the act
The circumstances that led to the crime eg loss of job
What is the act itself
The purpose of the act
What is the immediate origins of social reaction
How did those closest to the deviant react
What is the wider origins of social reaction
How did the entirety of society react
What are the effects of labelling
Will it cause a master status
What is the evaluation of new criminology
Doesn’t provide solutions to coke
Ignores victims of crime (subjective)
Too idealistic
Why working class commit crime against eachother?
What are crimes of the powerful
White collar crime
Breaking health and saftey laws
Breaking environmental laws
What are the types of white collar crime
Fraud
Embezzlement
Money laundering
Bribery
Cyber crime
What is an example of white collar crime
MPs expenses scandal
we’re claiming parliamentary expenses eg second home allowances, cleaning costs etc
despite breaking the law and stealing money, just required to give the money back
How does white collar crime remain invisible
Média
Politics
Police
Law
Underreporting
How does the media and politics cause the invisibility of white collar crime
Créâtes a moral panic around working class
Gives a bad reputation, don’t want to divert their votes, diverting to street crime and offering solutions gives them more credibility
How does the police, law and under reporting result in white collar crime being invisible
Police bias towards middle class
Middle class can manipulate the law to get a lesser charge
Victims may not realise they are a victim of white collar crime and not report it
How is white collar crime dangerous
Environmental harm which can result in death
Violations to wage laws
Lack of health and safety laws
Sexual and racial discrimination
What is boxs explanation for corporate crime
There is a mystification of cooperate crime making it seem better than white collar crome
To protect elites profits
What are the organised crimes chamblis identified
Illegal gambling
Prositituayion
Pornography
Drugs
What does chambliss mean when he says those involved in organised crime belong to the political and economic elite
Those who are involved in these types of crimes are usually the ones who make them but commit them themselves
How does the organised crime study support the Marxist theory
Créâtes a mystification that the crimes committed aren’t that bad as working class crimes
Yet they still create the same amount of harm
What do Hobbs and Dunningham mean by glocal crime
Where global links were used yet they still keep a local base
How has organised crime changed compared to the past
Not located in one area anhmkre
No longer at a local base so it is harder to find them
Lot more individuals are not involved in crime
What link is there between capitalism and organised crime
People have their own businesses but also their own illegitimate businesses
