Marxism

Question 1

What did Phil Cohen theorise?

Answer 1

Resistance theory:youth culture is an inarticulate way of resolving the economic problems faced by each generation of working class youth

Question 2

Who did Phil Cohen conduct his study on?

Answer 2

Skinheads

Question 3

What are typical features of the skinheads?

Answer 3

-wore exaggerated versions of wc clothes
-drunk alcohol
-clothes represented wc male toughness
-felt threatened by large scale industrial decline
-racist towards poorer Asian communities blamed them for the decline in jobs

Question 4

What are some evaluations of Phil Cohen?

Answer 4

X-skinheads are overtly racist,violent and sexist.len Barton (2006) criticises cccs for romantasizin

X-subjective analysis skinheads never claimed that they were resisting capitalism

Question 5

What is hegemony? Hall and Jefferson?

Answer 5

Idea that the ruling class control our dominant societal values and set the status quo

Question 6

Why do the working class youth not respond well to societal control? Hall and Jeffereson

Answer 6

-they are not tied to capitalist society through commitments such as jobs and family commitments

Question 7

What did Hall and Jeffereson find in their study of the teddy boys?

Answer 7

-coincided with the expansion of employment and affluence after ww2
-teddy boys were made up of men who had lost out in education and employment
-would hang out in cafes and wore Edwardian style jackets,suede shoes and bootlace ties
-the jackets were subversions of the upper class style to show contempt for the class system

Question 8

What are some evaluations for hall and jeffereson?

Answer 8

X-cccs only foucses on extreme subcultures ignores average young person

X-Feminists accuse cccs of having a malestream bias

Question 9

What subculture did Dick Hebdige study?

Answer 9

punks

Question 10

How did the punk subculture come about? Hebdige

Answer 10

-it was made up of disenchanted working class youth unhappy with their situation,and art students

Question 11

What is bricolage? hebdige

Answer 11

the use of objects in different ways to challange meanings

Question 12

What does ‘blargeneration’ mean? hebdige

Answer 12

punks saw themselves as being outside of existing cultural and class structures

Question 13

what are some evaluations for hebdige?

Answer 13

X-punk is no longer ant-capitalist or anti-consumerist
+-hebdiges ideas are articulated by the punk movement themselves

Question 14

What subculture did Borden study?

Answer 14

skaters

Question 15

what did bordon claim about skaters?

Answer 15

skaters reject the control of urban streets put in place by leisure industries and legislation

Question 16

what is an evaluation for Bordon

Answer 16

+-skateboarders are seen as more relevant today than other subcultures

Question 17

What is a magical solution? Brake

Answer 17

youth culture allows for young people to believe that their generation will be different but they will still be subjected to the same economic and social issues

Question 18

What comparisons did Brake make between middle and working class subcultures:

Answer 18

Working class:subcultures more likely to be countercultural

Middle class subcultures:more all encompassing than working-class ones

Question 19

What is an evaluation for Brake?

Answer 19

X-there are counter-cultural middle class subcultures