Martin A&P I Lecture I Flashcards
1
Q
Anatomy
A
Science of body structures
2
Q
Physiology
A
Science of body functions
3
Q
Interstitial fluid
A
Fills space between cells
4
Q
Types of extra cellular fluid
A
Interstitial Blood plasma Lymph CSF Synovial fluid Aqueous Humor and Vitreous body
5
Q
Component of Feedback system
A
Receptor (nerve or chemoreceptors)
Control Center (brain)
Effector (muscles, glands)
6
Q
Two types of feedback systems
A
Positive and negative
7
Q
Most common feedback system
A
Negative feedback
8
Q
Positive feedback
A
Strengthens or reinforces a change in the condition
9
Q
Disorder
A
Abnormality of structure or function
10
Q
Disease
A
Specific term for an illness characterized by recognizable signs and symptoms
11
Q
Local disease
A
Affects one body part or a limited region of the body
12
Q
Systemic
A
Affects several parts of the body or the whole body
13
Q
Signs
A
Observable and measured
14
Q
Symptom
A
Subjective information provided by patient
15
Q
Levels of organization
A
Chemical Cellular Tissue Organ Syste Organism
16
Q
Metabolism
A
Anabolism plus catabolism
17
Q
Irritability
A
Responsiveness
18
Q
Anabolism
A
Build up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components
19
Q
Catabolism
A
Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components
20
Q
Intracellular fluid
A
The fluid within body cells
21
Q
Extracellular fluid
A
The fluid outside body cells
22
Q
Interstitial fluid
A
Fluid filling the space between cells
23
Q
Plasma
A
ECF within blood vessels
24
Q
Lymph
A
ECF in lymphatic vessels
25
CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)
Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord
26
Synovial fluid
Fluid within the joints
27
Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Body
Two different types of ECF within the eyes
28
Systems that regulate homeostasis
Nervous and endocrine
29
How does negative feedback work?
Reverses the original stimulus
30
Dorsal body cavity comprises
Cranial cavity
| Vertebral canal
31
Ventral body cavity comrises
Thoracic cavity
| Abdominopelvic cavity
32
Term for organs inside the ventral body cavity
The viscera
33
Subdivisions of thoracic cavity
Lateral plural cavities
| Mediastinum
34
Two portions of the abdominopelvic cavity
Abdominal cavity
| Pelvic cavity
35
A membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior
Serous membrane
36
A membrane that lines a body cavity that DOES open to the exterior
Mucous membrane
37
What reduces friction between the two membranes of the abdominal cavity?
Serous fluid
38
Serous membrane of pleural cavities
Pleura
39
Serous membrane of pericardial cavity
Pericardium
40
Serous membrane of abdominal cavity
Peritoneum
41
Covering of the abdominal viscera
Visceral peritoneum
42
Covers the surface of the heart
Visceral pericardium
43
On the surface of the lungs
Visceral pleura
44
Parietal pericardium
Lines chest wall
45
Parietal pleura
Lines chest wall
46
Parietal peritoneum
Lines abdominal wall
47
Term for organs within the peritoneal cavity
Intraperitoneal
48
What part of the esophagus is retroperitoneal
All of it, roughly 1 1/4cm
49
Top horizontal line of the abdominopelvic region
Subcostal
50
Bottom horizontal line of the abominopelvic region
Transtubercular
51
Vertical lines of the abdominopelvic region
Midclavicular
52
Top right abdominopelvic region
Right hypochondriac
53
Top center abdominopelvic region
Epigastric
54
Top left abdominopelvic region
Left hypochondriac
55
Right center abdominopelvic region
Right lumbar
56
Center abdominopelvic region
Umbilical
57
Left center abdominopelvic region
Left lumbar
58
Bottom right abdominopelvic region
Right inguinal
59
Bottom center abdominopelvic region
Hypogastric
60
Left bottom abdominopelvic region
Left inguinal
61
Retroperitoneal organs
```
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Ureter
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending and descending colons of large intestine
Rectum
```
62
organs in RUQ
```
Gallbladder
Right lobe of liver
Duodenum
Pylorus of the stomach
Pancreatic head
Superior portion of the ascending colon
Transverse colon
Kidney
```
63
Organs in LUQ
```
Left lobe of liver
Majority of stomach
Body and tail of pancreas
Spleen
Transverse colon
Kidney
```
64
Organs of LLQ
Descending colon
65
organs of RLQ
Vermiform appendix
66
Location of the jejunum and the ileum
All four quadrants
67
Phospholipid bilayer with associated integral and peripheral proteins
Plasma membrane
68
Why is the plasma membrane fluid?
Provides for and allows;
Cell movement
Growth
Division
Self sealing if torn or punctured
69
Allow passage of many lipid soluble substances
Membrane lipids
70
Barrier to passage of charged or polar substances
Membrane lipids
71
75% of the membrane
Phospholipids
72
20% of the membrane
Cholesterol
73
5% of the membrane
Glycolipids
74
Amphipathic
Have both polar and nonpolar parts
75
What type of bond does cholesterol form in the plasma membrane
Hydrgoen
76
What makes lipid bilayer less fluid
Cholesterol
77
Increases membrane fluidity at lower temperatures
Cholesterol
78
Two classifications of membrane proteins
Integral
| Peripheral
79
What do Transmembrane proteins do?
Form ion channels
| Transporters
80
How are integral proteins like membrane lipids?
Both are amphipathic
81
What differentiates integral proteins from peripheral proteins?
Integral proteins are transmembrane proteins whereas peripheral proteins are on one side of the membrane
82
These allow specific ions to move through a water filled pore
Membrane protein, ion channel (integral)
83
Transports specific substance across the membrane
Membrane protein, carrier (integral)
84
Recognizes specific ligand and alters cell's function in some way
Membrane protein, receptor (integral)
85
Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell
Membrane protein, enzyme (integral and peripheral)
86
Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane providing structural stability and shape for the cell
Membrane protein, linker (integral and peripheral)
87
Distinguishes your cells from anyone else's
Membran protein, Cell identity marker (glycoprotein)
88
Sugars of various types attached to either
Proteins or lipids
89
Glycocalyx
Sugars of various types
90
Protect cells from enzymatic action
Cell adhesion
Cell recognition
Glycocalyx
91
Diffusion and filtration are examples of
Passive process
92
Active transport and bulk transport are examples of
Active processes
93
Three types of bulk transport
Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Transcytosis
94
How does temp affect the rate of diffusion?
Makes it faster
95
Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration
Osmosis
96
Amount of pressure required to offset the net movement of water
Osmotic pressure
97
The measure of the solution's ability to change a cell's water content by induction of osmosis
Tonicity
98
Three classifications of tonicity
Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic
99
Two examples of polar substances that are able to diffuse across the plasma membrane
Water
| Urea
100
Active transport mechanism that moves two substances in the same direction
Symporter
101
Primary active transport mechanism that moves substances in opposite direction
Antiporter
102
Chemical makeup of intracellular fluid (cytosol)
75-90% water
| 10-25% solids
103
Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules
Cytoskeleton
104
Function of the cytoskeleton
Determine cell shape
Organize cellular contents
Provide for cellular movements
