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A&P I Martin > Martin A&P I Lecture I > Flashcards

Martin A&P I Lecture I Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Science of body structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Science of body functions

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3
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fills space between cells

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4
Q

Types of extra cellular fluid

A 
Interstitial
Blood plasma
Lymph
CSF
Synovial fluid
Aqueous Humor and Vitreous body
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5
Q

Component of Feedback system

A

Receptor (nerve or chemoreceptors)
Control Center (brain)
Effector (muscles, glands)

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6
Q

Two types of feedback systems

A

Positive and negative

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7
Q

Most common feedback system

A

Negative feedback

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8
Q

Positive feedback

A

Strengthens or reinforces a change in the condition

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9
Q

Disorder

A

Abnormality of structure or function

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10
Q

Disease

A

Specific term for an illness characterized by recognizable signs and symptoms

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11
Q

Local disease

A

Affects one body part or a limited region of the body

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12
Q

Systemic

A

Affects several parts of the body or the whole body

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13
Q

Signs

A

Observable and measured

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14
Q

Symptom

A

Subjective information provided by patient

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15
Q

Levels of organization

A 
Chemical
Cellular
Tissue
Organ
Syste
Organism
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16
Q

Metabolism

A

Anabolism plus catabolism

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17
Q

Irritability

A

Responsiveness

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18
Q

Anabolism

A

Build up of complex chemical substances from smaller simpler components

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19
Q

Catabolism

A

Breakdown of complex chemical substances into simpler components

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20
Q

Intracellular fluid

A

The fluid within body cells

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21
Q

Extracellular fluid

A

The fluid outside body cells

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22
Q

Interstitial fluid

A

Fluid filling the space between cells

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23
Q

Plasma

A

ECF within blood vessels

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24
Q

Lymph

A

ECF in lymphatic vessels

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25
Q

CSF (cerebrospinal fluid)

A

Fluid in and around the brain and spinal cord

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26
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Fluid within the joints

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27
Q

Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Body

A

Two different types of ECF within the eyes

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28
Q

Systems that regulate homeostasis

A

Nervous and endocrine

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29
Q

How does negative feedback work?

A

Reverses the original stimulus

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30
Q

Dorsal body cavity comprises

A

Cranial cavity

Vertebral canal

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31
Q

Ventral body cavity comrises

A

Thoracic cavity

Abdominopelvic cavity

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32
Q

Term for organs inside the ventral body cavity

A

The viscera

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33
Q

Subdivisions of thoracic cavity

A

Lateral plural cavities

Mediastinum

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34
Q

Two portions of the abdominopelvic cavity

A

Abdominal cavity

Pelvic cavity

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35
Q

A membrane that lines a body cavity that does not open to the exterior

A

Serous membrane

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36
Q

A membrane that lines a body cavity that DOES open to the exterior

A

Mucous membrane

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37
Q

What reduces friction between the two membranes of the abdominal cavity?

A

Serous fluid

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38
Q

Serous membrane of pleural cavities

A

Pleura

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39
Q

Serous membrane of pericardial cavity

A

Pericardium

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40
Q

Serous membrane of abdominal cavity

A

Peritoneum

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41
Q

Covering of the abdominal viscera

A

Visceral peritoneum

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42
Q

Covers the surface of the heart

A

Visceral pericardium

43
Q

On the surface of the lungs

A

Visceral pleura

44
Q

Parietal pericardium

A

Lines chest wall

45
Q

Parietal pleura

A

Lines chest wall

46
Q

Parietal peritoneum

A

Lines abdominal wall

47
Q

Term for organs within the peritoneal cavity

A

Intraperitoneal

48
Q

What part of the esophagus is retroperitoneal

A

All of it, roughly 1 1/4cm

49
Q

Top horizontal line of the abdominopelvic region

A

Subcostal

50
Q

Bottom horizontal line of the abominopelvic region

A

Transtubercular

51
Q

Vertical lines of the abdominopelvic region

A

Midclavicular

52
Q

Top right abdominopelvic region

A

Right hypochondriac

53
Q

Top center abdominopelvic region

A

Epigastric

54
Q

Top left abdominopelvic region

A

Left hypochondriac

55
Q

Right center abdominopelvic region

A

Right lumbar

56
Q

Center abdominopelvic region

A

Umbilical

57
Q

Left center abdominopelvic region

A

Left lumbar

58
Q

Bottom right abdominopelvic region

A

Right inguinal

59
Q

Bottom center abdominopelvic region

A

Hypogastric

60
Q

Left bottom abdominopelvic region

A

Left inguinal

61
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A 
Kidneys
Adrenal glands
Ureter
Aorta
Inferior vena cava
Esophagus
Pancreas
Duodenum
Ascending and descending colons of large intestine
Rectum
62
Q

organs in RUQ

A 
Gallbladder
Right lobe of liver
Duodenum
Pylorus of the stomach
Pancreatic head
Superior portion of the ascending colon
Transverse colon
Kidney
63
Q

Organs in LUQ

A 
Left lobe of liver
Majority of stomach
Body and tail of pancreas
Spleen
Transverse colon
Kidney
64
Q

Organs of LLQ

A

Descending colon

65
Q

organs of RLQ

A

Vermiform appendix

66
Q

Location of the jejunum and the ileum

A

All four quadrants

67
Q

Phospholipid bilayer with associated integral and peripheral proteins

A

Plasma membrane

68
Q

Why is the plasma membrane fluid?

A

Provides for and allows;

Cell movement
Growth
Division
Self sealing if torn or punctured

69
Q

Allow passage of many lipid soluble substances

A

Membrane lipids

70
Q

Barrier to passage of charged or polar substances

A

Membrane lipids

71
Q

75% of the membrane

A

Phospholipids

72
Q

20% of the membrane

A

Cholesterol

73
Q

5% of the membrane

A

Glycolipids

74
Q

Amphipathic

A

Have both polar and nonpolar parts

75
Q

What type of bond does cholesterol form in the plasma membrane

A

Hydrgoen

76
Q

What makes lipid bilayer less fluid

A

Cholesterol

77
Q

Increases membrane fluidity at lower temperatures

A

Cholesterol

78
Q

Two classifications of membrane proteins

A

Integral

Peripheral

79
Q

What do Transmembrane proteins do?

A

Form ion channels

Transporters

80
Q

How are integral proteins like membrane lipids?

A

Both are amphipathic

81
Q

What differentiates integral proteins from peripheral proteins?

A

Integral proteins are transmembrane proteins whereas peripheral proteins are on one side of the membrane

82
Q

These allow specific ions to move through a water filled pore

A

Membrane protein, ion channel (integral)

83
Q

Transports specific substance across the membrane

A

Membrane protein, carrier (integral)

84
Q

Recognizes specific ligand and alters cell’s function in some way

A

Membrane protein, receptor (integral)

85
Q

Catalyzes reaction inside or outside cell

A

Membrane protein, enzyme (integral and peripheral)

86
Q

Anchors filaments inside and outside the plasma membrane providing structural stability and shape for the cell

A

Membrane protein, linker (integral and peripheral)

87
Q

Distinguishes your cells from anyone else’s

A

Membran protein, Cell identity marker (glycoprotein)

88
Q

Sugars of various types attached to either

A

Proteins or lipids

89
Q

Glycocalyx

A

Sugars of various types

90
Q

Protect cells from enzymatic action
Cell adhesion
Cell recognition

A

Glycocalyx

91
Q

Diffusion and filtration are examples of

A

Passive process

92
Q

Active transport and bulk transport are examples of

A

Active processes

93
Q

Three types of bulk transport

A

Exocytosis
Endocytosis
Transcytosis

94
Q

How does temp affect the rate of diffusion?

A

Makes it faster

95
Q

Movement of water from high concentration to low concentration

A

Osmosis

96
Q

Amount of pressure required to offset the net movement of water

A

Osmotic pressure

97
Q

The measure of the solution’s ability to change a cell’s water content by induction of osmosis

A

Tonicity

98
Q

Three classifications of tonicity

A

Isotonic
Hypotonic
Hypertonic

99
Q

Two examples of polar substances that are able to diffuse across the plasma membrane

A

Water

Urea

100
Q

Active transport mechanism that moves two substances in the same direction

A

Symporter

101
Q

Primary active transport mechanism that moves substances in opposite direction

A

Antiporter

102
Q

Chemical makeup of intracellular fluid (cytosol)

A

75-90% water

10-25% solids

103
Q

Microfilaments
Intermediate filaments
Microtubules

A

Cytoskeleton

104
Q

Function of the cytoskeleton

A

Determine cell shape
Organize cellular contents
Provide for cellular movements

A&P I Martin (2 decks)

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