Marketisation. Flashcards
Define marketisation.
The process of introducing market forces of consumer choice and competition between suppliers into areas run by the state.
How has marketisation created an education market?
- Reducing state control of education
- Increasing competition between schools and parental choice of school.
Describe the governments involvement in marketisation since 1988.
1988: The education reform act introduced by the conservative government.
1997 onward: New Labour governments emphasised standards, diversity and choice.
2010 onward: The conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government academies and free schools.
Why do the New Right favour marketisation?
It means that schools have to attract customers by competing with each other. Schools that provide consumers with what they want will thrive and ones that don’t will go out of business.
State the policies that promote marketisation and parentocracy.
- League tables which publish results and provide information to the consumer (parents).
- Open enrolment
- Schools having to compete to attract pupils
- Allowing parents and others to set up free schools
Which policies reproduce class inequalities within schools?
The publishing of exam league tables
-The funding formula
What does the publishing of league tables encourage within schools?
- Cream-skimming: ‘good’ schools can be more selective, choose their own pupils who are mainly middle-class who gain an advantage.
- Silt-shifting: ‘good’ schools can avoid taking less able pupils who are likely to get poor results and damage the schools league table position.
How does the funding formula increase inequality?
popular schools get more funds which increases their popularity so they can market for better pupils- mainly middle class. unpopular schools get less funds and are less likely to survive and working class pupils are put at a disadvantage.
Identify + describe the three types of parents in Gewirtz’s study of 14 london secondary schools.
Privileged-skilled choosers: Middle-class, used their cultural + economic capital to their advantage.
Disconnected-local choosers: Working-class, restricted in their options and prioritised safety.
Semi-skilled choosers: Working-class, ambitious and lacked options. Relied on opinions of others on choosing schools.
What does Ball argue in relation to the myth of parentocracy?
The education system and marketisation reproduce inequality and legitimates it. It appears to be based on parentocracy however options are limited based on parents’ social class.
Identify/describe the New Labour policies between 1997-2010 which aimed to reduce inequality due to marketisation.
Aim higher programme: raising aspirations of those under-represented in higher education.
EMA: Payments to students of low-income families to encourage them to stay on in higher education.
Increased funding for state education.
Why might the EMA policy from New Labour be a contradication of another policy?
They also introduced tuition fees.
