Marketing Flashcards
distinguish
to recognize the difference between two people or things
SYNONYM differentiate
distinguish between A and B At what age are children able to distinguish between right and wrong?
English law clearly distinguishes between murder and manslaughter.
distinguish A from B It was hard to distinguish one twin from the other.
distinguish A and B Sometimes reality and fantasy are hard to distinguish.
We can distinguish five meanings of the word ‘mad’.
___
distinguish A (from B) to be a characteristic that makes two people, animals or things different
- What was it that distinguished her from her classmates?*
- The male bird is distinguished from the female by its red beak.*
- The adult bird can be readily distinguished by its orange bill.*
- Does your cat have any distinguishing marks?*
- The power of speech distinguishes human beings from animals.*
___
distinguish something to be able to see or hear something
- I could not distinguish her words, but she sounded agitated.*
- She could not distinguish the make and colour of the car in the fading light.*
___
distinguish yourself (as something) to do something so well that people notice and admire you
She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
endorse
- endorse something to say publicly that you support a person, statement or course of action
* I wholeheartedly endorse his remarks.*
* Members of all parties endorsed a ban on land mines.* - endorse something to say in an advertisement that you use and like a particular product so that other people will want to buy it
* I wonder how many celebrities actually use the products they endorse.*
vanity
the fact of being too proud of your own appearance, abilities or achievements
- She had no personal vanity (= about her appearance).*
- The invitation to head the committee flattered his vanity and he agreed.*
- No doubt the idea appealed to his vanity.*
Vanity seems to be drawback but IMO it’s just feature.
the fact of being unimportant, especially compared with other things that are important
the vanity of human ambition in the face of death
scatter
1. [transitive] to throw or drop things in different directions so that they cover an area of ground
scatter something They scattered his ashes at sea.
scatter something on/over/around something Scatter the grass seed over the lawn.
He banged his fist on the table and the chess pieces scattered over the floor.
scatter something with something Scatter the lawn with grass seed.
2. [intransitive, transitive] to move or to make people or animals move very quickly in different directions
SYNONYM disperse
- At the first gunshot, the crowd scattered.*
- The mice scattered when I entered the room.*
scatter somebody/something The explosion scattered a flock of birds roosting in the trees.
explicit
wyraźny, otwarty, bez niedomówień, kategoryczny
stated clearly and in detail, leaving no room for confusion or doubt.
the speaker’s intentions were not made explicit
mitigate
mitigate something to make something less harmful, serious, etc.
SYNONYM alleviate
- action to mitigate poverty*
- Soil erosion was mitigated by the planting of trees.*
People often mitigate their own ambition becouse of fear.
voraciously
in a way that involves eating or wanting large amounts of food
Some animals feed voraciously in summer and hibernate in winter.
in a way that involves wanting a lot of new information and knowledge
SYNONYM avidly
Ever since her childhood she had read voraciously.
dubious
dubious (about something)/(about doing something) (of a person) not certain about something and suspecting that something may be wrong; not knowing whether something is good or bad
- I was rather dubious about the whole idea.*
- Kate looked dubious, but did as she was asked.*
probably not honest
- They indulged in some highly dubious business practices to obtain their current position in the market.*
- The man who sold it to him was known to be of dubious character.*
leap
a forceful jump or quick movement.
tinker, tinkering
tinker (with something) - to make small changes to something in order to repair or improve it, especially in a way that may not be helpful
- “He’s in the garage tinkering with his bike.”*
- “The password will prevent others from tinkering with your data.”*
- “The government is merely tinkering at the edges of a much wider problem.”*
Majstrować
compel
complelled
compelling
zniewalać
- force or oblige (someone) to do something.*
- a sense of duty compelled Harry to answer her questions*
enquire
o ask somebody for some information
enquire about somebody/something I called the station to enquire about train times.
enquire as to somebody/something She enquired as to your whereabouts.
enquire why, where, etc… Might I enquire why you have not mentioned this until now?
enquire something He enquired her name.
+ speech ‘What is your name?’ he enquired.
willy-nilly
whether you want to or not
She was forced willy-nilly to accept the company’s proposals.
in a careless way without planning
Don’t use your credit card willy-nilly.
Willy-nilly we are engaged in politics.
demand
a very strong request for something; something that somebody needs
demand for something a demand for higher pay
demand that… demands that the law on gun ownership should be changed
- A federal judge rejected their demands.*
- The management had no intention of meeting union demands.*
Demands of Strajk Kobiet are irrational.
scrappy
consisting of individual sections, events, etc. that are not organized into a whole
SYNONYM bitty
- “a scrappy essay”*
- “The concert was rather a scrappy affair.” (especially British English) not tidy and often of poor quality*
- “The note was written on a scrappy bit of paper.”*
- “The garden was empty apart from a few scrappy shrubs.”*
refinement
[countable] a small change to something that improves it
SYNONYM enhancement
- This particular model has a further refinement.*
- all the refinements of modern technology*
[countable, uncountable] a thing that is an improvement on an earlier, similar thing; the quality of being improved in this way
refinement of something The new plan is a refinement of the one before.
The kite was star-shaped and lacked the refinement of current designs.
refinement on something a refinement on previous methods
[uncountable] the process of improving something or of making something pure
- the refinement of industrial techniques*
- the refinement of uranium*
embark
to get onto a ship or plane; to put somebody/something onto a ship or plane
- We stood on the pier and watched as they embarked.*
- Embark somebody/something They embarked the troops by night.*
- The invasion force was ready to embark.*
- The team embarked for Italy.*
- They travelled with him to the coast to watch him embark.*
robust
strong and healthy
- She was almost 90, but still very robust.*
- He seems to be in robust (good) health.*
strong; able to survive being used a lot and not likely to break
SYNONYM sturdy
a robust piece of equipment
krzepki
nagging
continuing for a long time and difficult to cure or remove
a nagging pain/doubt
complaining
a nagging voice
facilitate
facilitate something to make an action or a process possible or easier
- The new trade agreement should facilitate more rapid economic growth.*
- Structured teaching facilitates learning.*
Brainspace app facilitate learning.
capability
the ability or qualities necessary to do something
Age affects the range of a person’s capabilities.
capability to do something She has the capability to become a very fine actor.
capability of doing something Animals in the zoo have lost the capability of catching food for themselves.
capability for doing something his capability for making sensible decisions
beyond/within the capabilities of something/somebody beyond/within the capabilities of current technology
a company’s production capabilities
merely
used meaning ‘only’ or ‘simply’ to emphasize a fact or something that you are saying
- It is not merely a job, but a way of life.*
- He said nothing, merely smiled and watched her.*
- They agreed to go merely because they were getting paid for it.*
- I’m merely stating what everybody knows anyway.*
tantamount
tantamount to something having the same bad effect as something else
If he resigned it would be tantamount to admitting that he was guilty.
tremendous
very great
SYNONYM huge
- a tremendous explosion*
- A tremendous amount of work has gone into the project.*
extremely good
SYNONYM remarkable
It was a tremendous experience.
incentive
incentive (for/to somebody/something) (to do something) something that encourages you to do something
- There is no incentive for people to save fuel.*
- There is an added incentive for you to buy from our catalogue—a free gift with every purchase.*
ABS is an incntie for dieting.
sprinkle
to gently drop small pieces of something over a surface
posypywać
Sprinkle the cake with sugar before serving.
If you sprinkle the pasta a pinch of cinnamon the IG will be much lower.
debit
a written note in a bank account or other financial record of a sum of money owed or spent
- on the debit side of an account*
- On the debit side (= a negative result will be that) the new shopping centre will increase traffic problems.*
a sum of money taken from a bank account
The total debits on the account were £2 000 last month.
elaborate
very complicated and detailed; carefully prepared and organized
- elaborate designs*
- She had prepared a very elaborate meal.*
- an elaborate computer system*
People often perceive business as more elaborate than it is.
gritty
containing or like grit
a layer of gritty dust
showing the courage and strength of mind to continue doing something difficult or unpleasant
- gritty determination*
- a gritty performance from the British player*
- Tottenham’s gritty fightback was rewarded by a goal in the closing minutes.*
Neil Patel said that entrepreneru have to be gritty.
grit
very small pieces of stone or sand
- I had a piece of grit in my eye.*
- They were spreading grit and salt on the icy roads.*
- A bit of grit had got into my eye.*
the courage and strength of mind that makes it possible for somebody to continue doing something difficult or unpleasant
- It takes sheer grit to stand up to a bully like that.*
- At times he got discouraged, but his grit and determination kept him going.*
Grit is essential in sport & entrepreneurship.
grasp
to take hold of something or someone firmly
He grasped my hand enthusiastically.
to understand something
I find these mathematical problems difficult to grasp.
Sura grasped rapidly how to talk with Widawski.
convoluted
extremely complicated and difficult to understand
a convoluted argument/story
My posts are convoluted but it’s a feature not a disadvantage.
concise
giving a lot of information clearly in a few words
- a concise book is small*
- a concise history of France*
My posts can be concise but sometimes are too long.
obnoxiously
in a very unpleasant or rude way:
- obnoxiously arrogant/drunk*
- She obnoxiously corrected everything I said.*
- He was obnoxiously aggressive toward women.*
- He acted obnoxiously but was still sort of lovable.*
- They sold off their assets to become obnoxiously rich.*
I am usually obnoxiously honest.
indispensible
Something or someone that is indispensable is so good or important that you could not manage without it, him, or her:
- This book is an indispensable resource for researchers.*
- His long experience at the United Nations makes him indispensable to the talks.*
I know that having a PT is useful but not indispensible.
granularity
the quality of including a lot of small details:
The marketing analysis offers a high level of granularity.
I have seen that overdeveloped granularity in training plan make it difficult to stick.
conversely
in an opposite way:
- Poor health is accepted as an attribute of normal ageing. Conversely, youth is depicted as a time of vitality and good health.*
- The staff of any organisation are its best ambassadors or conversely may be its worst.*
Doing everything conversely is not best solution in business - it’s better idea do copy 80%.
incrimental
in a series of amounts:
Most research proceeds by small incremental advances.
small:
Changes at the newspaper are more incremental than radical.
Incrimental changes in behaviors makes great changes over time.
bitter
expressing a lot of hate and anger:
- a bitter fight/argument*
- bitter recriminations*
- He gave me a bitter look.*
with an unpleasantly sharp taste:
a bitter flavour/taste/liquid
angry and upset because of something bad that has happened that you cannot forget
I feel very bitter about my childhood.
Losing has bitter taste but it’s a great teacher.
substanstial
large in amount
- a substantial change/increase*
- a substantial amount of money/time*
large in size, value, or importance:
substantial benefits/costs/investment
Substantial drop in testosterone level may impact on overall well-being.
compatibility
the fact of being able to exist, live, or work successfully with something or someone else:
Every person and pet in a household must visit with the potential new pet to ensure compatibility.
the fact of being able to be used with a particular type of computer, machine, device, etc.:
I am not impressed by the file compatibility with previous versions.
All solid relations are built on compatibility.
outlook
the likely future situation:
The outlook for the economy is bleak.
The outlook for today is cloudy and dry at first with showers later.
a person’s way of understanding and thinking about something:
He has a fairly positive outlook on life.
In relationship It’s important to have the same outlook on life.
turmoil
Of course that’s easier said than done, especially if there’s been a lot of turmoil in your family or previous relationship.
a state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder:
The whole region is in turmoil.
The country is in a state of political turmoil.
Turmoil in Widawski’s life is strict road to fail in goals achieving.
hectic
Spending quality time with your partner is vital, even when your life starts to get hectic.
full of activity, or very busy and fast:
- a hectic schedule*
- The area has become a haven for people tired of the hectic pace of city life.*
Most people don’t like hectic life. High-performance do.
vague
don’t get stuck in vague mission statement
not clearly expressed, known, described, or decided:
- I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago.*
- The patient had complained of vague pains and backache.*
not clear in shape, or not clearly seen:
Through the mist I could just make out a vague figure.
Paraphrasing Dan Pena: if you have vague principles yor decisions are difficult.
concrete
Concrete is easy to shape when wet, once it sets, it’s impossible to manipulate.
a very hard building material made by mixing together cement, sand, small stones, and water:
- reinforced concrete*
- a concrete floor/path*
- a grey concrete building*
Most people have concrete in mind.
decisive
CEO is decisive person in the company.
able to make decisions quickly and confidently, or showing this quality:
- You need to be more decisive.*
- a decisive reply*
Decisive actions will give you an energy.
hurdle
a frame or fence for jumping over in a race:
a problem that you have to deal with before you can make progress:
- Getting a work permit was the first hurdle to overcome.*
- The cost of this exercise is proving to be a major hurdle.*
shutter
the part of a camera that opens temporarily to allow light to teach the film when a photograph is being taken
a wooden cover on the outside of a window that prevents light or heat from going into a room or heat from leaving it.
- *to close the shutters covering a window:**
- All the houses had their windows shuttered.*
- *to close down a business or activity:**
- I am thinking of shuttering my Facebook account for good.*
disruption
Ewa is main disruptions in developing my life and business.
the action of preventing something, especially a system, process, or event, from continuing as usual or as expected:
The accident brought widespread disruption on the roads.
It would cause a tremendous disruption to our work schedule to install a different computer system.
- *the action of completely changing the traditional way that an industry or market operates by using new methods or technology:**
- the disruption of the telecoms industry*
ally
Family could me allies in your business but usually it’s a enemy.
someone who helps and supports someone else:
He is generally considered to be the prime minister’s closest political ally.
incentive
Money is an incentive for nearly all of my activities.
- *something (especially money) that encourages a people or organizations to do something:**
- Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income.*
Executives had a strong incentive to destroy papers they knew would incriminate them in court.
ambiguous
In western culture being ambiguous seems to be something bad. In eastern or in the history of Italy - conversely.
having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes intentionally:
- His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous.*
- The wording of the agreement is ambiguous.*
- The government has been ambiguous on this issue.*
immensely
extremely, very much
He was immensely popular in his day.
She’s an immensely talented young athlete.
heredity
High VO2max is hereditary
he process by which characteristics are given from a parent to their child through the genes:
Diet and exercise can influence a person’s weight, but heredity is also a factor.
Trait
Certain traits make African Runners faster.
a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour:
- His sense of humour is one of his better traits.*
- Arrogance is a very unattractive personality/character trait.*
astound
Human foolishness is astounding.
to surprise or shock someone very much:
Considering how badly they’re paid and what little support they get, the dedication of these teachers astounds me.
