Marked Questions Board Vitals Flashcards
Most common cause of chronic meningitis in the developed world, commonly presents with cranial nerve palsies, a history of pulmonary disease, and negative PPD.
Sarcoidosis. Incidence of neurosarcoidosis in patients with sarcoidosis: 5% show clinical manifestations, 25% of cases are diagnosed post-mortem.
Mean age of onset for primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Age 40, about 10 years older than the age of onset of relapsing-remitting MS.
Bilateral retinal hemorrhages and a subdural hematoma in an infant
Repetitive acceleration-deceleration forces such as with violent shaking which can rupture intracranial bridging veins
the human vertebral column usually consists of _ articulating vertebrae and _ fused vertebrae
24 articulating vertebrae and 9 fused vertebrae. Of the 9 fused vertebrae, 5 are fused to form the sacrum, and 4 are fused to form the coccyx/tailbone.
the most common inherited or developmental form of congenital facial palsy
CULLP. Congenital unilateral lower lip palsy.
hypoplasia/absence of the depressor anguli oris or depressor labii inferioris muscles producing facial asymmetry with laughing or crying but otherwise intact facial function
CULLP. Congenital unilateral lower lip palsy. A minority of these patients may have cardiac defects and/or be on the 22q11 deletion syndrome spectrum.
Primary mechanism of action Phencyclidine (PCP)
NMDA-receptor antagonist. Presents with violent behavior, nystagmus, tachycardia, hypertension, anesthesia, and analgesia. Can result in acute psychosis and seizures in children.
A patient with epilepsy who also manifests hyperreligiosity, circumstantiality, hypergraphia, hyposexuality, and intense emotional responses. Her seizures are focal with impaired awareness (complex partial seizures). Syndrome.
Gastaut-Geschwind Syndrome. Most often temporal lobe epilepsy on the left side of the brain.
Inheritance pattern of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Autosomal dominant. Accounts for 5-10% of cases while the rest are sporadic.
As complication of spinal cord injury, a patient experiences progressive loss of range of motion of the hip accompanied by redness, warmth, and swelling around the joint.
Heterotopic ossification. It is also commonly seen following total hip arthroplasty. Involvement of the muscle is known as myositis ossificans. Etiology unknown.
CNS tumor type which arises from the radial glial cells in the subventricular zone. Most commonly seen in the posterior fossa, in contact with the fourth ventricle, or in the intramedullary spinal cord.
Ependymoma. Associated with Neurofibromatosis type 2 (NF-2). Associated tumors in this syndrome include meningiomas and schwannomas. Mneumonic for NF-2 tumors is MISME (Multiple Inherited Schwannoma Meningioma Ependymoma). Chromosome 22. Autosomal Dominant.
Disease resulting from a mutation in ATP7B gene.
Wilson’s Disease.
Tumor type seen in patients with tuberous sclerosis. Arises within the ventricles and can present with obstructive hydrocephalus. WHO Grade 1 tumor.
Subependymal giant cell astrocytoma (SEGA).
The only distinct variant of diffuse astrocytoma, IDH-mutant.
Gemistocytic astrocytoma.
Most common and severe neurological manifestation of a patient with recurrent oral and genital ulcers, a history of uveitis, and erythema nodosum-like lesions of the legs.
Meningoencephalitis, most commonly a relapsing-remitting aseptic meningoencephalitis of the brainstem. 5-20% of patient’s with Behcet Disease will develop neurological manifestations.
Myopathy which results from mutation in gene coding for dysferlin on chromosome 2p. These mutations are also associated with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 2B.
Miyoshi myopathy. Autosomal recessive. Presents with distal weakness and atrophy beginning in the medial gastrocnemius and adductor magnus. Creatinine kinase levels often 20-150x normal. Biopsy shows dystrophic changes.
The ____________ innervate the intrafusal muscle fibers of the muscle spindle.
y-motoneurons. These prevent the intrafusal muscle fibers from becoming slack and maintain Ia afferent activity during muscle contraction.
The ____________ generate Ib afferents and prevent excessive force of contraction.
Golgi tendon organs.
The __________ cause skeletal muscle contraction.
alpha motoneurons.
The associated antibody in a patient with history of monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance (MGUS) and distal, symmetric sensory neuropathy.
Anti-MAG. Antibodies against myelin associated glycoprotein.
The associated antibody in a patient with history of germ cell tumor of the testes, or lung, or breast, or non Hodgkin lymphoma who develops a brainstem encephalitis.
Anti-Ma2.
The associated antibody in a patient with history of small cell lung cancer or thymoma who presents with encephalitis, myelitis, or autonomic dysfunction.
Anti-Hu/ANNA1.
Principal nerve which innervates the gluteus medius, minimus, and tensor fascia latae.
Superior gluteal nerve.
Principal nerve which innervates the gluteus maximus.
Inferior gluteal nerve.