Marine test 1

Question 1

what is salinity?

Answer 1

the amount of salt in the water

Question 2

how much salt per litre does oceanic water have?

Answer 2

35g/L

Question 3

what percentage of all ocean waters contain salt concentrations of 35/L?

Answer 3

75%

Question 4

solvent properties of water?

Answer 4

water has an enormous ability to dissolve substances because of its polar nature. This allows salts from the land and ocean floor to dissolve

Question 5

what is heat capacity?

Answer 5

the ability of water to resist temperature change

Question 6

heat is a measure of what?

Answer 6

molecular motion

Question 7

water has great resistance to change, what about salt water?

Answer 7

same ability but less

Question 8

what would happen to the molecules if the water temperature rose?

Answer 8

molecules would need to move faster but the hydrogen bonds resist this so it would keep seawater at a relatively constant temperature

Question 9

what is the latent heat of fusion?

Answer 9

the heat required for either melting or forming ice

Question 10

what is the latent heat of vaporization?

Answer 10

the heat released when water evaporates. Heat is continuously being absorbed by the oceans, but they do not get hotter.

Question 11

why do oceans absorb the heat being evaporated?

Answer 11

This is because heat is released as the hydrogen bonds break allowing water molecules to vaporize into the atmosphere . It is much greater than that of fusion and marine animals make use of this cool down

Question 12

what is density?

Answer 12

the mass per unit volume

Question 13

what is mass measured in?

Answer 13

grams and volume in cubic meters (cm3) mass/volume

Question 14

what happens if the density is less than 1?

Answer 14

it will float

Question 15

what happens if the density is more than 1?

Answer 15

it will sink

Question 16

what is the relative density of a substance?

Answer 16

the ratio of the density of that substance, to the density of pure water

Question 17

What’s the density if the water is saltier?

Answer 17

the density is higher

Question 18

What’s the density if the water is colder?

Answer 18

the density is higher

Question 19

what is viscosity?

Answer 19

the resistance of a liquid flowing through or passing an object

Question 20

what is the flow of high viscosity?

Answer 20

slow flow

Question 21

what is the flow of low viscosity

Answer 21

fast flow

Question 22

is water denser than air? if so how many times denser

Answer 22

800 times

Question 23

what is buoyancy?

Answer 23

the ability or tendency to float

Question 24

which has a greater upthrust of buoyancy? Sea water or fresh water? why?

Answer 24

seawater, because salt water is higher in density

Question 25

what is hydrostatic pressure?

Answer 25

the water pressure in the waters of the oceans

Question 26

what is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 26

the water pressure found in the air around the earth

Question 27

surface=?

Answer 27

1 atmosphere

Question 28

10m below=?

Answer 28

2 atmospheres

Question 29

what is surface tension?

Answer 29

the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink in a minimum surface area as possible

Question 30

why does the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink in a minimum surface area?

Answer 30

this is due to cohesion (sticks to itself) and adhesion (sticks to other objects)

Question 31

why are the gases dissolved in the sea important?

Answer 31

important for respiration and photosynthesis

Question 32

what are the two major gasses involved in these chemical reactions?

Answer 32

carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 33

how is turbulence affected in dissolved gases?

Answer 33

more movement of water (waves and streams), the more oxygen can dissolve

Question 34

how is temperature affected in dissolved gasses?

Answer 34

increases temperatures cause a decrease in the ability to dissolve gas

Question 35

how is salinity affected by dissolved gasses?

Answer 35

lower salinity, greater amount of dissolved gases

Question 36

how is pressure affected in dissolved gasses?

Answer 36

deep water which has a high pressure holds more gas than shallow water

Question 37

what is the photic zone?

Answer 37

is the zone or depth to which light penetrates in the seas and is the zone where sea plants live.

Question 38

what happens to depth if the wavelength is shorter

Answer 38

greater depth

Question 39

how long is the greatest penetration?

Answer 39

420nm wavelength

Question 40

red is what length of the wavelength

Answer 40

the longest

Question 41

violet is what length of the wavelength

Answer 41

the shortest

Question 42

oceans have what two types of water? describe

Answer 42

blue water: surface water contains little minerals so has little plant life green waters: contains large concentrations of ions, causes abundant plant growth which attracts a number of animals.

Question 43

sounds travels how many times faster in water than in air?

Answer 43

4 times faster, so vibrations are more easily detected.