Marine Phyla

Question 1

Starfish, sand dollars, sea urchins, brittle stars, sea cucumbers

Answer 1

Echinodermata

Radial symmetry

Question 2

Sponges

Answer 2

Porifera
felt like or spongy texture
many small intake pores and fewer larger output pores

Question 3

Anemones, hydroids, and true jellies

Answer 3

Cnidaria (aka Coelenterates)

Question 4

Bryozoans

Answer 4

Bryozoa
Moss animals
Minute colonial animals
Permanently attach to rocks, plants or other animals

Question 5

Zonation

Answer 5

Spray (splash) zone
High tide zone (upper intertidal)
Middle tide zone (middle intertidal)
Low tide zone (lower intertidal)

Question 6

Spray zone

Answer 6

Rock louse
Acorn barnacle
Periwinkle
Limpet

Question 7

High tide zone

Answer 7

Buckshot barnacle
Periwinkle
Limpet
Goose neck barnacles
Worms
Crabs

Question 8

Middle tide zone

Answer 8

Mussels
Chitons
Limpets
Hermit crabs
Sea stars
Acorn barnacles

Question 9

Low tide zone

Answer 9

Sea anemones
Sea urchins
Kelps

Question 10

Class Anthozoa

Answer 10

“Flowering animals”

Includes anemones and corals

Question 11

Aggregating anemones

Answer 11

Aka pink-tipped, clinal anemone,
Pink color from symbiotic algae
Colonies of clones war against each other

Question 12

Giant green anemone

Answer 12

Aka green surf anemone
Sexual reproduction
Prefers surf channels and tide pools

Question 13

Ribbon worms

Answer 13

Phylum Nemertea
Long, thin bodies
Most live on bottom, some burrow in mud or sand

Question 14

Bristle worms

Answer 14

Phylum Annelida
Class Polychaeta
Segmented, elongated bodies
Some species live in a protective tube- include Feather duster worms

Question 15

Mussels, clams, snails, chitons, nudibranchs, octopuses, squids

Answer 15

Phylum Molluscum

Question 16

Crabs, amphipods, isopod, shrimps, barnacles

Answer 16

Phylum Arthropoda, 
Subphylum Crustacea
Hard external shells, eight or more jointed, movable limbs, 
Many with pinchers
Most are free living
Some (barnacles) become fixed as adults

Question 17

Sea squirts

Answer 17

Phylum Chordata
Tunicates
Ascidians
Permanently attach to a surface, individually, in clusters, or communally in a compound mass of individuals. Two body openings.

Question 18

Sea pickle

Answer 18

Pyrosoma atlanticum
Pelagic, worldwide
Family Pyrosomatidae
Non-native

The class Thalacia are colonial, and within the class is the order Pryrosomitida, the pyrosomes. During 2017, swarms of an unusual and mysterious looking creature that resembles a translucent pickle washed up on local beaches, confounding marine scientists. It was a hollow, open-ended tube with a bumpy surface. This was the pyrosome tunicate Pyrosoma atlanticum, a thalacean that is a colony of asexually reproduced individuals called zooids. Each bump is a zooid. This pelagic tunicate is normally found in water that is warmer, more tropical, than what we have along our temperate coast. But because our eastern Pacific has become warmer in recent years, for a variety of reasons, these semi-planktonic creatures drifted (or swam) into our coastal waters, washing ashore in dense wave rows.

Question 19

By-the-wind Sailors

Answer 19

genus Velella,
By-the-Wind sailor,
Hydrozoans (Cnidarians/coelenterates ) that live at the surface of the water

Question 20

Mollusca

Answer 20

Soft bodied organisms
Normally protected by one or more valves (shells)
Highly diverse
All possess a fold of soft flesh ( mantle) that encloses several organs such as a stomach and shell producing glands
Many have a toothed or rasping tongue (radula)

Question 21

Chitons

Answer 21

Class polyplacophora
Aka sea cradles and coat of mail shells
8 plates or valves held together by outergirdle
Lined chiton
Mossy chiton
Black Katy (aka leather, black, black leather) chiton
Giant Pacific (aka Gumboot) chiton

Question 22

Purple olive

Answer 22

Snail
Moving bump under sand seen at low tide
Individuals live in colonies
Average lifespan 8-15 years