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Intro to Marine Science > Marine Invertebrates > Flashcards

Marine Invertebrates Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 8 groups of marine invertebrates:

A
  1. Phylum: Porifera
  2. Phylum: Cnidaria
  3. Phylum: Ctenophora
  4. Phylum: Annelida, Class: Polychaeta
  5. Phylum: Mollusca
  6. Phylum: Echinodermata
  7. Phylum: Arthropoda, Subphylum: Crustaceans
  8. Phylum: Hemichordata
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2
Q

What organisms belong to the phylum Porifera?

A

Sponges

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3
Q

What are key characteristics of Porifera?

A
  • No true tissues or organs
  • Filter feeders
  • Internal skeleton made of spicules or spongin
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4
Q

Name the 3 classes of Porifera:

A
  1. Calcarea
  2. Hexactinellida
  3. Demospongiae
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5
Q

What organisms belong to the phylum Cnidaria?

A

Jellyfish, corals, sea anemones, hydroids

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6
Q

What are key characteristics of Cnidaria?

A
  • Radial symmetry
  • Stinging cells called cnidocytes
  • Polyp and medusa life stages
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7
Q

Name the 6 classes of Cnidaria:

A
  1. Anthozoa
  2. Scyphozoa
  3. Hydrozoa
  4. Cubozoa
  5. Staurozoa
  6. Mixozoa
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8
Q

What organisms belong to the phylum Ctenophora?

A

Comb jellies

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9
Q

What are key characteristics of Ctenophora?

A
  • 8 rows of cilia (comb rows) for locomotion
  • Bioluminescent
  • Colloblasts instead of cnidocytes
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10
Q

Name the 2 classes of Ctenophora:

A
  1. Tentaculata
  2. Nuda
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11
Q

What organisms belong to the class Polychaeta?

Phylum: Annelida

A

Segmented marine worms (polychaetes)

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12
Q

What are key characteristics of Polychaeta?

Phylum: Annelida

A
  • Segmented body
  • Parapodia with bristles (chaetae)
  • Bilateral symmetry
  • Closed circulatory system
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13
Q

What organisms belong to the phylum Mollusca?

A

Snails, clams, squid, octopus, chitons

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14
Q

What are key characteristics of Mollusca?

A
  • Soft body with a mantle
  • Muscular foot
  • Radula (except bivalves)
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15
Q

Name the 7 classes of Mollusca:

A
  1. Gastropoda
  2. Bivalvia
  3. Cephalopoda
  4. Polyplacophora
  5. Scaphopoda
  6. Monoplacophora
  7. Aplacophora
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16
Q

What organisms belong to the subphylum Crustacea?

Phylum: Arthropoda

A

Crabs, shrimp, lobsters, copepods, barnacles

17
Q

What are key characteristics of Crustacea?

Phylum: Arthropoda

A
  • Chitin exoskeleton
  • Jointed appendages
  • Two pairs of antennae
  • Segmented body
18
Q

Name the 4 classes of Crustacea:

Phylum: Arthropoda

A
  1. Malacostraca
  2. Maxillopoda
  3. Branchiopoda
  4. Ostracoda
19
Q

What organisms belong to the phylum Echinodermata?

A

Sea stars, brittle stars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, feather stars

20
Q

What are key characteristics of Echinodermata?

A
  • Pentaradial symmetry (in adults)
  • Water vascular system with tube feet
  • Exclusively marine
21
Q

Name the 5 classes of Echinodermata:

A
  1. Asteroidea
  2. Ophiuroidea
  3. Echinoidea
  4. Holothuroidea
  5. Crinoidea
22
Q

What organisms belong to the phylum Hemichordata?

A

Acorn worms and pterobranchs

23
Q

What are key characteristics of Hemichordata?

A
  • Pharyngeal gill slits
  • Stomochord (notochord-like)
  • Dorsal nerve cord
  • Marine burrowers or filter feeders
24
Q

Name the 2 classes of Hemichordata:

A
  1. Enteropneusta
  2. Pterobranchia
25
What are invertebrates?
Animals without a backbone
26
What complex physical features first appeared in invertebrates?
* Central nervous system * Eyes * Digestive system * Internal skeleton * Circulatory system
27
Which bacteria were among the first successful forms of life on Earth?
Cyanobacteria
28
What ability did cyanobacteria evolve?
To produce organic matter by capturing sunlight
29
What are stromatolites?
Colonies formed by cyanobacteria secreting calcium carbonate
30
What significant atmospheric change did cyanobacteria create?
An oxygen-rich atmosphere
31
What type of cells evolved due to the oxygen-rich atmosphere?
Eukaryotes
32
What organism type links unicellular and multicellular organisms?
Sponges
33
What is a key advancement of flatworms compared to *Cnidarians*?
Ability to move and hunt for food
34
What is the mollusks' feeding apparatus called?
Radula
35
What larval stage do all mollusks start their lives as?
Trochophores
36
What are annelids also known as?
Segmented worms
37
What is the most species-rich phylum on Earth?
*Arthropoda*
38
What percentage of Earth’s species do arthropods make up?
Around 80%
39
What internal feature did echinoderms first possess?
Internal skeleton

Intro to Marine Science (10 decks)

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