Marine Insurance

Question 0

The Star Sea 2001

Answer 0

MIA S.17

Utmost Good Faith should be observed by either parties.

Question 1

The Captain Panagos DP Q

Answer 1

ขยายหลัก MIA s.3(2) - ความหมาย Maritime peril

= รวม Mortgagee’s interest policy

Question 2

The Good Luck 1992

Answer 2

MIA S.33(3)
condition must be exactly complied.
The insurer is discharged from liability as from the date of the breach of warranties.

Question 3

The Zeus V 1999

Answer 3

“This policy is subject to survey”
= including valuation by independent qualified surveyor”

Case law ช่วยตีขยายความ

Question 4

American Airline v. Hope 1974

Answer 4

วิธีการออก Slip Policy

Broker เอา slip ไปให้ leading underwriter initials

Question 5

The Zephyr 1985

Answer 5

ความผิด broker
The leading under writer คาดว่าตนจะต้องรับผิดแค่ 1/3 จากการ over subcription เท่านั้น แต่ปรากฎว่าเค้าหาคนมาลงให้ครบตามที่สัญญาไม่ได้
ผล = the leading can claim for damages for breach of contract WRONG SIGNING INDICATION

MIA S. 24(2)
ในแต่ละ subcription สัญญาแต่ละคนแยกจากกัน
Extent of assured’s duty to disclose to present and future subcribers.

Question 6

The Daylam 1998

Answer 6

Leading Underwriter Clause is not standard.

Factual matrix = commercial objective

Question 7

The Buana Dua 2011

Answer 7

Leading Underwriter settled the claim.
ศาลบอกว่า ทำไม่ได้!!!
True construction only applied for claims within the terms of the policy. NOT TO THE CLAIM IN RESPECT OF LIABILITY.

Question 8

Roadworks (1952) Ltd. v. Charman 1994

Answer 8

Legal relationship
Leading underwriter : thenfollowing market = agency relationship
If he acts inappropriate fashion, the following can bring a case against.

Question 9

The Leegas 1987

Answer 9

The Leading Underwriter clause creates a duty of care.

Question 10

Demetra K 2002

Answer 10

Policy contains terms CONTRADICTORY to a prior contract.

Rectification - only beyond reasonable doubt, reflecting the intention of the parties. ส่วนใหญ่ดู Policy (MIA 89)

Question 11

A Gagniere&co Ltd. v. The Eastern Company of Warehouse Insurance.
By Bankes, L.J.

Answer 11

Rectification
“If you prove that the parties have come to a definite parol agreement,…intended to carry out that definite agreement…necessary to establish beyond doubt…”

Question 12

HIH Casualty and General Insurance Ltd.
v.
New Hampshire Insurance Co and Others
2001

Answer 12

ข้อความใน insurance:re-insurance ต่างกัน
“Six revenue generating project” v. “Six films”
Court of Appeal บอกว่าสองคำนี้เหมือนกัน
แต่ obiter dictum- ยกเว้นแต่ว่าใre จะไม่ได้รับการบอกกล่าวมาก่อนว่าหมายถึง 6 films

Question 13

Youell v. Bland Welch&Co Ltd

Answer 13

ผลตรงข้ามกับ HIH v. New Hamshire
ศาลบอกว่า slip : policy = different
The parties intended both documents to exist at the same time. The content mentioned in the slip superseded by the policy in regard to the premium.

Question 14

The Solveig 2000

Answer 14

Sum Insured denotes an UNVALUED POLICY.

Question 15

Zurich General Accident and Liability Co Ld.
V.
Rowberry
1954

Answer 15

หน้าที่ broker
Brokers could bind to the assured on matters, which come under the scope of his actual or ostensible (obvious) authority.

อะไรก็ตามที่ assured บอก broker = is deemed to have been recieved by the insurers.

Question 16

Prentis Donegan & Partner Ltd
V.
Leeds & Leeds Co Inc
1998

Answer 16

ถ้า things go wrong 
Brokers อาจรับผิด
   1. Breach duty under the agency contract
   2. Breach of the independent contract
   3. Breach of fiduciary contract

Question 17

Yuill&Co v. Robson

Answer 17

Assured ต้องการ all risks แต่ได้แต่ certain risks
—Implied duty— OBTAIN SUFFICIENT COVER
Must ascertainthe needs of client
Reasonable care and skill to procure the cover required.

Question 18

Aneca Reinsurance Underwriting Ltd.
v.
Johnson&Higgins Ltd
2002

Answer 18

The broker misrepresented the risk to the reinsurer. ทำให้ไม่ได้รับ the whole risk reinsurance + lack of advice = insurer (reassured) can claim compensation from the broker
ถ้าหาผู้รับประกันให้ไม่ได้อย่างไร ต้องรีบแจ้งกลับ
— Implied duties — ADVICE CLIENTS

Question 19

Cock, Russell v. Bray, Gibb 1920

Answer 19

— Implied Duty of Broker — PROCURE INSURANCE WITHIN A REASONABLE TIME
คดีนี้ Broker ไม่ผิด!!! เพราะผู้เอาประกันภัยแจ้งโบรคเกอร์มา Friday Afternoon โบรคเกอร์ร่างสลิปเสร็และใช้ความพยายามเสาร์อาทิตย์แล้ว
Absence of unreasonable delay