Marine Environments

Question 1

Marine Environments

Answer 1

Intertidal zone
Estuaries
Salt marshes
Open ocean
Deep-sea
Coral reefs
Seagrass beds
Mangroves

Question 2

Intertidal zone

Answer 2

Very diverse, one of the most diverse environments

Question 3

Hazards to the intertidal zone

Answer 3

Pollution, human impacts, sea level constantly changing due to tides

Question 4

Types of estuaries

Answer 4

Drowned river mouth
Fjords
Bar-built
Tectonic

Question 5

Drowned river mouth

Answer 5

Exactly what it sounds like. A river that is now covered by the sea level

Question 6

Fjords

Answer 6

Deep and narrow created by glaciers

Question 7

Bar-built

Answer 7

Formed by the accumulation of sediments deposited from land

Question 8

Tectonic

Answer 8

Caused by the shifting of tectonic plates

Question 9

Slat marshes

Answer 9

Temperate latitudes, gently sloping shores, very productive ecosystem

Question 10

Open ocean

Answer 10

Average salinity 35 ppt., covers around 70% of the planet, distribution os organisms based on temp, light, and primary productivity

Question 11

Deep-sea

Answer 11

Earths most uniform community, no light, very little change in water temp, low metabolic rates

Question 12

Hydrothermal vents

Answer 12

bacteria oxidize H2S into SO42- using electrons from H2S to reduce CO2 forming carbohydrates. this is called Chemosynthesis

Question 13

Biome

Answer 13

A geographic region that contains communities composed of organisms with similar adaptations

Question 14

Mangroves

Answer 14

Line about 75% of all tropical coasts, Intertidal zones, one of the only terrestrial plant able to survive in marine environments

Question 15

Mangrove Salinity adaptation

Answer 15

Mangroves have cells in their leaves that allow them to excrete salt back into the environment. They are also able to use individual leaves as trash cans moving all waste to that level until it dies

Question 16

Mangrove reproduction

Answer 16

They reproduce by dropping their seeds into the water to be carried by the current until they can settle in a clam area and develop

Question 17

Mangrove adaptation to unstable sediment

Answer 17

Mangroves are able to live in sediment with very low nutrients as well as very low stability. their roots allow the trees to keep the sediment from being taken by the waves

Question 18

Seagrass beds

Answer 18

form large dense meadows, highly diverse ecosystems, these grasses are found mostly in the tropics however some van live in colder waters

Question 19

Coral reef builders

Answer 19

Decomposed shells, algae, and bryozoans

Question 20

Importance of coral reefs

Answer 20

Provide food for over 1 billion people, extremely high biodiversity and productivity, coastal protection from storms

Question 21

Factors influencing coral reef distribution

Answer 21

Light intensity
Salinity
Sedimentation
Emersion
Temperature

Question 22

Types of coral reefs

Answer 22

Fringing reefs:
Submerges edges of islands or coasts, main coral growth is a short distance from land

Barrier reef:
Fringing reef attached to a sinking island, separated from the land by a large distance

Atoll:
Island fully submerged leaving behind a halo of coral, no growth in the middle

Patch reefs:
Isolated reefs in a lagoon system often within a fringing reef or barrier reef system, often called coral bommies

Question 23

Habitat connectivity

Answer 23

The three coastal environments (coral reefs, seagrass beds, mangroves) are all highly connected. They are known as the mangrove-seagrass-reef continuum. reefs protect the grass and mangroves from larger weaves while the grass and trees protect the reef from sediment from the land. There is also a large migration of fishes between the three environments during their lifespans.

Question 24

Threats to coral reefs

Answer 24

Pollution
Distructive fishing
Coral minning
Tourism
Invasive species
Overfishing