MARINE ECOSYSTEMS Flashcards
fluctuate being underwater and being exposed to sun and wind
rocky intertidal
how do rocky intertidal organisms survive
• binding into the rock
• protect their body such as shell
river meets the sea, high variable og salinity, dynamic ecosystem, highest biotic diversity
estuary ecosystem
coastal area or transition zone where freshwater mixed w/ salt water from the ocean
estuary
how do estuary ecosystem survives
• respond quickly to drastic changes in salinity
• uses marine plants, soil or rocks to hide from predators
estuary wetland (2)
• salt marsh - flooded and drained by saltwater
• mangrove forest - salt tolerant trees
estuary wetland (2)
• salt marsh - flooded and drained by saltwater
• mangrove forest - salt tolerant trees
some of the most diverse ecosystem, located in warm clear shallow water
provides large habitat and center activity for marine life
coral reef ecosystem
some of the most diverse ecosystem, located in warm clear shallow water
provides large habitat and center activity for marine life
coral reef ecosystem
fire coral
hydrocorals
soft corals
octocorals
how do coral reef ecosystem survives
• coral reef provides shelter, hide from larger predators
same phylum as anemones and jellyfish
made or aragonite (calcium carbonate)
they are invertebrate animals belonging to a large group of colourful animals called cnidaria
coral
same phylum as anemones and jellyfish
made or aragonite (calcium carbonate)
they are invertebrate animals belonging to a large group of colourful animals called cnidaria
coral
unicellular photosynthetic organism with a spherical shape that lives inside corals
zooxanthellae
unicellular photosynthetic organism with a spherical shape that lives inside corals
zooxanthellae
reef is under stress from high temperatures, pollution and other threats
coral bleaching
pelagic zone, area of the ocean outside coastal areas
habitat of biggest marine life species
open ocean ecosystem
how do open ocean ecosystem survives
• adapting to environment
• resources competition
• works together for security
how do open ocean ecosystem survives
• adapting to environment
• resources competition
• works together for security
3 zones of open ocean
• euphotic zone
• bathyal zone
• abyssal zone
3 zones of open ocean
• euphotic zone
• bathyal zone
• abyssal zone
brightly lit surface, low nutrient, dissolved oxygen is high
euphotic zone
brightly lit surface, low nutrient, dissolved oxygen is high
euphotic zone
dimly lit middle layer, less photosynthesis, 200-2000m below
bathyal zone
dark bottom layer, very cold, high pressure
abyssal zone
largest habitat on earth, independent energy from sunlight, dark, cold environment
coldest layer of ocean
deep ocean ecosystem
how do deep ocean ecosystem survives
• maintains small size to avoid predators
• uses darkness to survive
• competition and adaptation
geysers, hot springs of ocean floor, natural plumbing systems
hydrothermal vents
chemical release by the vent
sulfides
bacteria and archaea converts minerals and chemicals into energy
chemosynthesis
bacteria and archaea converts minerals and chemicals into energy
chemosynthesis
primary producers of hydrothermal vents
chemosynthetic bacteria
underwater ecosystem formed in shallow water by the dense growth
grows seaweeds and has a great variety and higher density of plants and animals
kelp forest ecosystem
how kelp forest ecosystem survives
• uses plants as shelter/food
• adapting to environment
• competition
one of the most productive ecosystem, occur in heterogeneous environment
environmental variability is arranged along clearly perceived gradients
seagrass meadow ecosystem
one of the most productive ecosystem, occur in heterogeneous environment
environmental variability is arranged along clearly perceived gradients
seagrass meadow ecosystem
how seagrass meadow ecosystem survives
• uses seagrass as shelter/food
• hide from predators
generally called tundra, located in the arctic and antartica
surrounded by snow, ice, cold water
climate is cold winters, mostly below freezing
polar ecosystem
generally called tundra, located in the arctic and antartica
surrounded by snow, ice, cold water
climate is cold winters, mostly below freezing
polar ecosystem
