Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Azuka Marine (Miss Artuch) > Marine Ecosystem and Biodiversity > Flashcards

Marine Ecosystem and Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

Ecosystem

A

A community of interdependent organisms and the physical environment in which they inhabit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Biotic

A

The living portion of the organisms environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Habitat

A

the place an organism lives

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All of the organisms of the same species living in the same area

A

Population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

All the different species living in a habitat at the same time

A

Community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Species

A

A group of similar organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Biodiversity

A

All living things: plants, animals, and microorganisms and all their interactions with each other and their environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Coral reefs have a _______ biodiversity as there are many different species in this habitat

A

High

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Sandy shores have a _______ biodiversity as there are fewer different species in this habitat

A

Low

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Ecological Niche

A

The role an organism has within an ecosystem taking into account its relationship with other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The interaction between organisms or species in which both the organisms or species are harmed

A

Competition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why do coral reefs grow near to the surface of the water?

A

It is the sunniest and the algae needs sunshine for photosynthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symbiosis

A

Interaction between two or more organisms of different species living in close physical association

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Example of Symbiosis

A

Coral reef and zooxanthellae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Zooxanthellae gives the coral…

A
  • Oxygen and other nutrients that the coral will need to respire
  • Coloration
  • Removes carbon dioxide from coral
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Coral gives zooxanthellae…

A
  • Carbon dioxide and other substances the algae would need for photosynthesis
  • protection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Interaction between different species in which one species benefits while the other is unaffected

A

Commensalism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Interaction between two different species where one organism benefits (a parasite) while the other is harmed (a host)

A

Parasitism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Example of Commensalism

A

Remora on a shark

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Example of Parasitism

A

Tuna and Nematodes (round worms). Nematodes live inside the tuna and eat them from the inside

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Types of Parasitism

A

Ectoparasites and Endoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lives on the outside of the host

A

Ectoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Lives inside their host, often in the digestive tract, gills or muscle tissue

A

Endoparasites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Producer

A

Organisms that obtain organic food molecules without eating other organisms but by energy from sunlight to make organic molecules and then is a source of food for other organisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Consumer

A

An organism that obtains its nutrition by feeding on other organisms

26
Q

Means feeding itself

A

Autotrop

27
Q

Means feeding on others

A

Heterotroph

28
Q

Trophic level

A

The position an organism occupies in a food chain

29
Q

Food Chain

A

Shows the sequence of organisms feeding on other organisms

30
Q

Food Web

A

A series of interconnected food chains

31
Q

Organism that catches, kills, and eats another animal to obtain energy and nutrients

A

Predator

32
Q

The organism hunted or eaten for food by another

A

Prey

33
Q

Types of adaptations for survival:

A
  • camouflage
  • spines
  • chemical deterrents
  • specialized mouth parts and digestive system to get more nutrients from food
34
Q

Shoal

A

A large number of fish of the same species and approximately the same size/age grouped together for survival reasons

35
Q

Advantages of Shoaling

A
  • feeding – better foraging so less time wasted looking for food
  • increased hydrodynamic efficiency- save energy swimming in a coordinated way
  • reproduction – increased chances of finding a mate and eggs and sperm are in close proximity for fertilization
  • avoiding predators- large shoals confuse predators, it is difficult for them to focus on one individual, also more eyes to spot predators
36
Q

Example of Shoaling

A

Tuna and Sardines

37
Q

The gradual process of change that occurs in the community structure over a period of time

A

Succession

38
Q

Example of Succession

A

Deep sea hydrothermal vents

39
Q

Order of organisms in hydrothermal vents

A
  • chemosynthetic bacteria
  • small crustaceans
  • tube worms (Tevnia and then Riftia)
  • molluscs,
  • crabs
  • fish
40
Q

What makes the hydrothermal vent environment hostile?

A
  • High temperature
  • Low oxygen
  • High pressure
  • Low pH
41
Q

How chemosynthesis by bacteria works

A

Occurs by converting of carbon molecules, (such as carbon dioxide and methane), into carbohydrates using the oxidation sulfur compounds for energy (usually hydrogen sulphide)

42
Q

Chemosynthesis

A

The production of organic compounds by bacteria or other living organisms using the energy derived from reactions with inorganic chemicals (chemosynthetic organisms)

43
Q

Geographically defined areas with sets of interacting populations of plants, animals, and microbes

A

Ecosystem diversity

44
Q

The number of different species in a given area or region

A

Species diversity

45
Q

The amount of genetic information (variation) carried within a population of organisms

A

Genetic diversity

46
Q

Helps to reduce the overlap of role between species and thus reduce competition

A

Narrow niche

47
Q

Prefer unstable, changing environments

A

R-species

48
Q

Prefer unchanging, stable environments

A

K-species

49
Q

K-species are also known as…

A

Equilibrium species

50
Q

R-species are also known as…

A

Opportunists

51
Q

Organisms with a specialized niche have…

A

a narrow range of food requirements or live in a specific habitat

52
Q

Organisms with a generalized niche exploit…

A

a wider range of food sources and can live in a wider range of habitats

53
Q

Example of organism with specialized niche

A

Butterfly fish:

  • feed on corals and sea anemones
  • very territorial, living in a specific area of the coral
54
Q

Example of organism with generalized niche

A

Tuna:

  • feed on a range of different species of fish, squid and crustaceans
  • Are highly migratory so have a large habitat
  • Able to regulated their temperature (warm-blooded)
55
Q

Fundamental niche

A

The total range of environmental conditions that are suitable for existence without the influence of interspecific competition or predation

56
Q

Realized niche

A

Describes that part of the fundamental niche actually occupied by the species

57
Q

An organism that obtains energy by breaking down dead organic matter (including dead plants, dead animals and animal waste) into more simple substances

A

Decomposer

58
Q

Examples of Decomposers

A

Bacteria and fungi

59
Q

Purpose of Decomposers

A
  • To return valuable nutrients to the ecosystem so they can be used again
  • Interconnect all trophic levels since the organic material making up all living organisms is eventually broken down
60
Q

Examples of Scavenging organisms

A

Sea cucumbers
Polychaete worms
Fiddler crabs

61
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Process of using light energy to synthesise glucose from carbon dioxide and water (plants and algae)

Azuka Marine (Miss Artuch) (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions