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Marine Biology > Marine Biology > Flashcards

Marine Biology Flashcards

1
Q

In which four characteristics does the sea differ from the athmosphere?

A
  1. density (>800times)
  2. dissolves stuff
  3. light absorbance
  4. heat capacity
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2
Q

Which two ways are there to cope with salt?

A
  1. osmoconformers
  2. osmoregulatators
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3
Q

Which two ways are there to cope with temperature?

A
  1. ectotherm (plus 10°, metabolism speeds up 2x)
  2. endotherm
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4
Q

In which way differ animals and plants living in the water from outside?

A
  • more protein, less carbs
  • rapid growing, less energy storage
  • less structural material & easy to move against gravity
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5
Q

How many times faster travels sound in water?

A

4x

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6
Q

3 characteristics of a species

A
  • common characteristics
  • breed with each other
  • reproductively isolated from other species
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7
Q

5 major kingdoms?

A
  • animals
  • plants
  • fungi
  • protista
  • monera
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8
Q

Define Detritus-Bacterial Complex:

A

© Detritus: non-living particulate organic material (as opposed to dissolved organic material)

© Bacteria can degrade most naturally produced organic compounds

© Bacteria: Remineralisation – they convert material tied up in detritus back into living biomass ® support further primary production

© support range of “detritivores”: are heterotrophs that obtain nutrients by consuming detritus

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9
Q

Sprüchlien Kindom

A

King Philipp Comes Over for Great Sex

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order

Genus

Species

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10
Q

What are Protista?

A

Protisten sind eine Gruppe nicht näher verwandter mikroskopischer Lebewesen, die jedoch lange als Taxon (systematische Einheit) betrachtet wurde.

Dazu gehören alle ein- bis wenigzelligen Eukaryoten, also Algen,Protozoen und einige Pilze.

In the lecture, we differentiated between unicellular and multicellular Protista

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11
Q

Which are the two major groups of single-celled photosynthectic protists?

A

Diatoms

&

Dinoflagellates

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12
Q

Diatoms:

  • phylum
  • 3 characteristics
A
  • phylum: Bacillariophyta
  • 3 characteristics:
    1. mostly planktonic
    2. autotrophic
    3. silica shell
  • (less digestable, oil droplets & tiny perforations, photosynthesis through shell)*
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13
Q

Dinoflagellates:

  • phylum
  • 4 characteristics
  • Name the largest group
  • red tide: which toxin?
A
  • phylum: Dinophyta
  • 4 characteristics
    1. two uneven flagellae
    2. cellulose cell wall
    3. photosynthesise & ingest material
    4. hosted by sponges, sea anemones, giant clams & corals

Name the largest group: Zooxanthellae

most common saxitoxin producer causing paralytic shellfish poisoning (red tides)

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14
Q

Name the three categories of algae

  1. category
  2. phylum
  3. pigment
A

1. green algae
phylum Chlorophyta
chlorophyll a + b

2. brown algae
phylum Phaeophyta
fucoxanthins (yellow) + chlorophyll

3. red algae
phylum Rodophyta
phycobilins + chlorophyll

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15
Q

Structure Algae:

Name the different parts of the algae

A
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16
Q

Reproduction of Algae

A

Asexual (by fragments)

+

Sexual

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17
Q

Algins: which category of algae

A

brown algae

Alginsäure, auch Algin, wird von Braunalgen und von einigen Bakterien (z. B. Azotobacter) gebildet. In der Alge stellt es das strukturgebende Element der Zellwände dar. Die interzelluläre Gelmatrix verleiht der Alge sowohl Flexibilität als auch Festigkeit. Algin ist u. A. ein Nebenprodukt bei der Gewinnung von Iod aus Meeresalgen im Nassverfahren. Es wird allerdings auch direkt für die Verwendung in der Lebensmittel-, sowie der Pharma-, und Kosmetikindustrie aus den Braunalgen extrahiert. Die Salze der Alginsäure werden allgemein als Alginate bezeichnet. Alginat findet vor allem als Verdickungs- oder Geliermittel Verwendung.

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18
Q

carrageen: which category of algae

19
Q

Seagrass: which requirements?

A

soft sediment +

temperate coast +

no excessive wave energy

20
Q

seagrass, how many species total and in australia?

A

58, 30 in Australia

21
Q

Mangroves

which adaptions to survive?

A
  • exposed breathing roots = pneumatophores
  • support roots and buttresses
  • thick salt-excreting leaves
  • viviparous water dispersed propagules
22
Q

Why are mangroves important?

A

75% of Qld’s commercially caught fish & prawns depend on mangroves!!

23
Q

What are lichens?

A

Lichens = fungi that live in close association with algae

  • algae provides food for both
  • fungus prevents algae from harmful light intensities, absorbs & retain water & mineral for both
24
Q

Sponges, which phylum?

A

Phylum Porifera

25
Q

Phylum Poriphera, which animals?

26
Q

To which phylum belong:

corals, sea anemones, jellyfish

A

phylum Cnidaria

27
Q

Which animals belong to the phylum Cnidaria?

A

corals

sea anemones

jellyfish

28
Q

To which phylum belong the comb jellies (Rippenqualle)

A

Phylum Ctenophera

29
Q

Phylum Ctenophera, name one animal

A

the comb jellies (Rippenqualle)

30
Q

Which phylums are flatworms?

A

Phylum Platyhelminthes

31
Q

Phylum Platyhelminthes: which animals

32
Q

Phylum Nematoda: which animals?

A

roundworms

33
Q

Roundworms: which phylum?

A

Phylum Nematoda

34
Q

Phylum Annelida: which animals?

A

segmented worms

35
Q

Segmented worms: which phylum?

A

Phylum Annelida

36
Q

Three main classes of molluscs?

A
  • bivalves
  • gastropods: snails
  • cephalopods
37
Q

Which animals belong to the Phylum Arthropoda:

38
Q

Crustacea, to which phylum?

A

Phylum Arthropoda

39
Q

To which phylum belong the gastropods, bivalves and cephalopods?

A

~ Phylum Molluscs

40
Q

Which animals belong to the Phylum Echinoderms?

A

seastars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars

41
Q

To which phylum belong the following animals:

seastars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, brittle stars, feather stars

A

Phylum Echinoderms

42
Q

Name the three categories of the phylum Chordata

A

Phylum Chordata

**Tunicates: **
subphylum urochordata, class Ascidiacea
sea squirts

  • *Lancelets**
  • Subphylum: Cephalochordata*

Vertebrate Chordates

43
Q

Three classes of vertebrates

A
  • *1. Class agnate**
  • Jawless fishes*
  • *2. Class chondrichthyes**
  • Cartilaginous fish*
  • *3. Class Osteichthyes**
  • Bony fish*

Marine Biology (3 decks)

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