MARILYN ANN RAY - THEORY OF BUREAUCRATIC CARING Flashcards
where was Marilyn Ann ray born and grew up?
born in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and grew up
in a Family of six children
what influenced her decision to become a nurse?
At age 15, where her father who had a serious illness got save by a nurse
what influenced Ray’s life to take special interest in nursing, anthropology, childhood, and culture?
Through mentorship of Leininger
She studied organizations as what?
small cultures
her graduate
school project involved?
the study of a children’s
hospital as a small culture
what theory did MARILYN ANN RAY developed?
THEORY Of BUREAUCRATIC
CARING
What is Marilyn’s Ann Ray’s major assumption in nursing?
➢Nursing is holistic, transcultural & relational,
spiritual, and ethical caring that seeks the good of self and others in complex community,
organizational, and bureaucratic
cultures.
what Ray’s major assumption in PERSON?
PERSON
➢ A person is a spiritual and cultural being.
➢ Persons are created by God, the Mystery of Being, a higher power and engages co-creatively in human organizational and transcultural relationships to find meaning and value
what is Ray’s major assumption in HEALTH?
HEALTH
➢ Health is a pattern of meaning for individuals,
families and communities. Beliefs and caring
practices about health & illness are central features
of culture.
Ray’s major assumption in ENVIRONMENT?
➢Environment is a complex spiritual, ethical, ecological and cultural phenomenon. This conceptualization embodies knowledge & conscience about the beauty of life forms &
symbolic systems or patterns of meaning.
➢Nursing practice in environments embodies the elements of the social structure and spiritual and ethical caring patterns of meaning.
PNEMONIC for the 9 major concepts of Marilyn Ann Ray’s Theory of Bureaucratic Caring
CarSpEd-PhySoLeTech-EcoPol
What is caring according to Ray?
a complex, transcultural, relational process, grounded in an ethical, spiritual context. Caring is the relationship between charity and right
action, between love as compassion in response to human suffering and need, and justice or fairness in terms of what ought to be done
What is SPIRITUAL-ETHICAL CARING one of the 9 major assumption of Marilyn Ann Ray?
➢Spirituality involves creativity and choice revealed in attachment, faith, hope, love, and community.
➢focuses on how the facilitation of choices for the good of others (caring, healing, well-being that should be accomplished)
PNEMONIC for SOCIO-CULTURAL CONCEPT
ECUS-ISIC
What are the socio-cultural concept factor?
- Ethnicity and family structures
- Communication
- Understanding interrelationships
- Structures for cultural program
Intimacy with friends and family - Social Interaction and support
- Involvement
- Community and Society
What is Legal concept according to Ray’s 9 major concepts?
Legal factors relating to the meaning of caring include responsibility and accountability; rules and principles to guide behaviors, such as policies and
procedures; informed consents; right to privacy; malpractice and liability
issues; client, family, and professional rights; and the practice of defensive
medicine and nursing
What is technological concept?
➢Technological factors include nonhuman resources, such as the use of machinery to maintain the physiological well-being of the patient, diagnostic tests, pharmaceutical agents, and the knowledge and skill needed to utilize these resources. Also included with technology are computer assisted practice and electronic documentation and social media.
What is economic concept?
relating to the meaning of caring include money, budget, insurance systems, limitations and guidelines imposed by managed care
organizations and in general, allocation of scare resources including to maintain the economic viability of the organization.
What is political concept?
➢ Political factors and the governance & power structure within health care
administration influence how nursing is viewed in health care and include patterns of communication and decisions in the organization; role and
gender stratification among nurses, physicians, and administrators, union
activities, including negotiation and confrontation; government and insurance company influences; uses of power, prestige, and privilege; and
in general, competition for scarce human and material resources
WHAT IS THE THEORETICAL ASSERTIONS WITHIN THE
THEORY OF BUREAUCRATIC CARING?
- The meaning of caring is highly differential, depending on its structures
(social-cultural, educational, political, economic, physical, technological, legal). - Caring is bureaucratic as well as spiritual/ethical, given the extent to which its
meaning can be understood in relation to the organizational structure
