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Equine Breeding > Mares Reproductive Anatomy > Flashcards

Mares Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

What structures are part of the outer tract?

A

Perineum, vulva, vagina and cervix

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2
Q

What structures are part of the inner tract?

A

Uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes (oviducts)

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3
Q

What are the 3 layers in the uterus called?

A

Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

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4
Q

What is the site of ovulation called?

A

Ovulation fossa

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5
Q

What is the end of the oviduct called?

A

Infundibulum

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6
Q

What effects seasonality of mares?

A

Light

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7
Q

What effects the breeding season?

A

Physical condition, fitness, management of the mare, physiology of the mare

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8
Q

What does light stimulate

A

Pineal body

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9
Q

What does the pineal body stimulate

A

Hypothalamus

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10
Q

What does the hypothalamus produce

A

GnRH

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11
Q

What does GnRH target?

A

Pituitary gland

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12
Q

What does the pituitary gland release

A

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

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13
Q

What does FSH target and what hormone is released?

A

Ovary and follicles

Oestrogen

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14
Q

What hormone matures the follicles

A

Luteinising hormone

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15
Q

What is the pregnancy hormone?

A

Progesterone

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16
Q

How long are mares in foal for?

A

340 days

17
Q

How many hours before ovulation do you artificially inseminate?

A

12-24 hours

18
Q

What day does ovulation occur?

A

Day 4/5

19
Q

Define oestrus

A

The stage when the mare is receptive to the stallion and when her body is prepared for the optimum chance of conception

20
Q

Define dioestrus

A

The stage when the mare is not receptive to the stallion and during which she can be extremely aggressive towards the stallion

21
Q

How long does oestrus occur?

A

4-6 days

22
Q

How long does dioestrus occur?

A

14-16 days

23
Q

What type of breeder is the mare?

A

Polyoestrous

24
Q

What does CL stand for and another name for it?

A

Corpus Luteum or yellow body

25
Q

How is the anatomy of the mare described?

A

Bicornuate

26
Q

Looking at the diagram where is the cervix?

A

Between the uterine body and vagina

27
Q

Where is the vagina located?

A

Between the cervix and vestibule/clitoris

28
Q

Describe the ENDOMETRIUM

A

glandular, inner most layer

29
Q

Describe the MYOMETRIUM

A

smooth muscle layer between endometrium and perimetrium

30
Q

Describe the PERIMETRIUM

A

covers the fundus, ventral and dorsal aspects of the uterus

31
Q

Describe the PARAMETRIUM

A

loose connective tissue around the uterus

32
Q

What makes a good vulva?

A
  • vertically orientated lips
  • good mucosal seal
  • 2/3 of vulva opening below the ischium
  • no air aspiration when lips are separated
33
Q

What operation would be needed for poor vulva conformation?

A

Caslick operation

34
Q

The number of potential ova is determines when?

A

Before birth

35
Q

The development of surrounding cells is called

A

folliculogenesis

Equine Breeding (3 decks)

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