Mares Reproductive Anatomy Flashcards
What structures are part of the outer tract?
Perineum, vulva, vagina and cervix
What structures are part of the inner tract?
Uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes (oviducts)
What are the 3 layers in the uterus called?
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
What is the site of ovulation called?
Ovulation fossa
What is the end of the oviduct called?
Infundibulum
What effects seasonality of mares?
Light
What effects the breeding season?
Physical condition, fitness, management of the mare, physiology of the mare
What does light stimulate
Pineal body
What does the pineal body stimulate
Hypothalamus
What does the hypothalamus produce
GnRH
What does GnRH target?
Pituitary gland
What does the pituitary gland release
FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)
What does FSH target and what hormone is released?
Ovary and follicles
Oestrogen
What hormone matures the follicles
Luteinising hormone
What is the pregnancy hormone?
Progesterone
How long are mares in foal for?
340 days
How many hours before ovulation do you artificially inseminate?
12-24 hours
What day does ovulation occur?
Day 4/5
Define oestrus
The stage when the mare is receptive to the stallion and when her body is prepared for the optimum chance of conception
Define dioestrus
The stage when the mare is not receptive to the stallion and during which she can be extremely aggressive towards the stallion
How long does oestrus occur?
4-6 days
How long does dioestrus occur?
14-16 days
What type of breeder is the mare?
Polyoestrous
What does CL stand for and another name for it?
Corpus Luteum or yellow body
How is the anatomy of the mare described?
Bicornuate
Looking at the diagram where is the cervix?
Between the uterine body and vagina
Where is the vagina located?
Between the cervix and vestibule/clitoris
Describe the ENDOMETRIUM
glandular, inner most layer
Describe the MYOMETRIUM
smooth muscle layer between endometrium and perimetrium
Describe the PERIMETRIUM
covers the fundus, ventral and dorsal aspects of the uterus
Describe the PARAMETRIUM
loose connective tissue around the uterus
What makes a good vulva?
- vertically orientated lips
- good mucosal seal
- 2/3 of vulva opening below the ischium
- no air aspiration when lips are separated
What operation would be needed for poor vulva conformation?
Caslick operation
The number of potential ova is determines when?
Before birth
The development of surrounding cells is called
folliculogenesis
