Mares Reproductive Anatomy

Question 1

What structures are part of the outer tract?

Answer 1

Perineum, vulva, vagina and cervix

Question 2

What structures are part of the inner tract?

Answer 2

Uterus, ovaries and fallopian tubes (oviducts)

Question 3

What are the 3 layers in the uterus called?

Answer 3

Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium

Question 4

What is the site of ovulation called?

Answer 4

Ovulation fossa

Question 5

What is the end of the oviduct called?

Answer 5

Infundibulum

Question 6

What effects seasonality of mares?

Answer 6

Light

Question 7

What effects the breeding season?

Answer 7

Physical condition, fitness, management of the mare, physiology of the mare

Question 8

What does light stimulate

Answer 8

Pineal body

Question 9

What does the pineal body stimulate

Answer 9

Hypothalamus

Question 10

What does the hypothalamus produce

Answer 10

GnRH

Question 11

What does GnRH target?

Answer 11

Pituitary gland

Question 12

What does the pituitary gland release

Answer 12

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

Question 13

What does FSH target and what hormone is released?

Answer 13

Ovary and follicles

Oestrogen

Question 14

What hormone matures the follicles

Answer 14

Luteinising hormone

Question 15

What is the pregnancy hormone?

Answer 15

Progesterone

Question 16

How long are mares in foal for?

Answer 16

340 days

Question 17

How many hours before ovulation do you artificially inseminate?

Answer 17

12-24 hours

Question 18

What day does ovulation occur?

Answer 18

Day 4/5

Question 19

Define oestrus

Answer 19

The stage when the mare is receptive to the stallion and when her body is prepared for the optimum chance of conception

Question 20

Define dioestrus

Answer 20

The stage when the mare is not receptive to the stallion and during which she can be extremely aggressive towards the stallion

Question 21

How long does oestrus occur?

Answer 21

4-6 days

Question 22

How long does dioestrus occur?

Answer 22

14-16 days

Question 23

What type of breeder is the mare?

Answer 23

Polyoestrous

Question 24

What does CL stand for and another name for it?

Answer 24

Corpus Luteum or yellow body

Question 25

How is the anatomy of the mare described?

Answer 25

Bicornuate

Question 26

Looking at the diagram where is the cervix?

Answer 26

Between the uterine body and vagina

Question 27

Where is the vagina located?

Answer 27

Between the cervix and vestibule/clitoris

Question 28

Describe the ENDOMETRIUM

Answer 28

glandular, inner most layer

Question 29

Describe the MYOMETRIUM

Answer 29

smooth muscle layer between endometrium and perimetrium

Question 30

Describe the PERIMETRIUM

Answer 30

covers the fundus, ventral and dorsal aspects of the uterus

Question 31

Describe the PARAMETRIUM

Answer 31

loose connective tissue around the uterus

Question 32

What makes a good vulva?

Answer 32

- vertically orientated lips - good mucosal seal - 2/3 of vulva opening below the ischium - no air aspiration when lips are separated

Question 33

What operation would be needed for poor vulva conformation?

Answer 33

Caslick operation

Question 34

The number of potential ova is determines when?

Answer 34

Before birth

Question 35

The development of surrounding cells is called

Answer 35

folliculogenesis