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Hisp Civ > March 9- March - March 16 > Flashcards

March 9- March - March 16 Flashcards

1
Q

Context for populism

A
  • Latin American populism mostly urban
  • Height 20s-60s
  • Accompanies processes of industrialization and urbanization
  • Involve middle class in politics
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2
Q

What is populism

A
  • Favors common man in contrast with elite
  • Appeals to emotions of masses
  • Collective consciousness
  • Contrast with status quo
  • Sometimes democratic or authoritarian
  • Charismatic leaders
  • Representation
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3
Q

Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra

A

-Give me balcony and I will become president

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4
Q

19th vs 20th century populism

A
  • Emerged from activist workign class and socialist movements
  • Drew heavily on trade unions for rhetoric
  • Used state apparatuses to meet demands of movements
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5
Q

Juan Domingo Peron

A
  • emerged out of political system without middle class (Hipolito Yrigoyen)- many uprisings
  • 2 presidential terms (50s then 70s before death)
  • Military officer with large industrial working class base, nationalist
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6
Q

Edwin williamson

A

-Quote about intense nationalism which drew from across political spectrum, causing him to have policy incoherence and lack of unity

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7
Q

Perons Agenda and pillars

A
  • Attack free trade export economy, promote independence
  • Control military by hand selecting leadership
  • Controling unions
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8
Q

Eva peron

A
  • Populist leader
  • Humble background, cult following, actress
  • Followers descamisados
  • Madonna
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9
Q

Santa Evita

A
  • Tomas Eloy martinez, 1995

- Body of eva became like legend while juan decayed

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10
Q

Peronist party populism

A
  • Community
  • New argentina
  • Public relations- parades, demonstrations, sports
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11
Q

Decline of Peron

A
  • Projects lacked stability
  • Made hefty promises, lack of follow through
  • unable to court elite
  • energy and food shortages could not sustain growth
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12
Q

Vargas

A
  • Brazilian populist
  • Emerged from Rio grande do sul
  • Nationalization projects (mostly urban) like oil rail, electric, steel
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13
Q

Vargas and state terror

A
  • Suppression of social forces that disagreed with him- communists, military, urbanites, labor movement
  • Suspended civil rights, jailed people
  • Estado Novo- new state
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14
Q

Downfall of Vargas

A
  • Division in congress
  • Inflation
  • More international business
  • Corruption
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15
Q

Neo populism

A
  • Zealous leaders
  • Abuses of power
  • Personalistic, charismatic
  • Collective communication (chavez television program)
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16
Q

Context of Spanish Civil war

A
  • Spanish american war ends spanish empire
  • Generation of 98 emerges- intellectuals who wanted liberal change
  • Sense of moral political and social crisis
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17
Q

Miguel de Unamuno

A
  • Gen of 98
  • Suffering makes us people
  • Life is doubt
  • Fight destiny
  • Secular
18
Q

Precurser to civil war

A
  • Ideological shift due to defeat
  • American and Japanese victories shunned- still belief of superiority
  • Post ww1 decline of economy and flu
  • Spain economically stagnant
19
Q

General Miguel Primo de Rivera

A
  • Appointed by alfonso XIII
  • Country, religion, monarchy
  • Won in Morocco
  • Challenged by bankruptcy of state
20
Q

Second Republic

A
  • Alfonso leaves country
  • Modernity and social Justice
  • A lot of social reform, autonomy of historic regions
21
Q

Opposition to republic

A
  • Catholic church feared power would diminish
  • Traditional factions (elites, clergy) threatened
  • Thought freethinkers, protestants, atheists
  • Landowners and industrialists
  • Balfour- second republic anti-Spain
22
Q

Initial leadership of republic

A
  • Range of politics of leaders
  • Turn corrupt system into pluralist democracy
  • Zamora succeeded by azana- “spain is no longer catholic”
23
Q

Challenges to second republic

A
  • Recession
  • Opposition from elites
  • Weak state hold on society
  • Not uniform modernization
  • Powerful rural elite
  • Fragmented, divided
24
Q

Result of challenges to republic

A
  • Right wing party CEDA victory
  • Uprising in asturias and catalonia
  • Unrest in countryside
  • Start of civil war
25
Q

Main issues of civil war

A
  • Republicans (rebels) vs nationalists
  • Nationalist- traditional order, church, unity, elites
  • republicans- liberal democracy, pluralism, sovreignty
26
Q

Bishop of Salamanca

A

-Soil of spain bloody conflict between two forces

27
Q

International involvement

A
  • Mussolini and Hitler helped nationalists
  • Soviet union helped republicans
  • US england france non-intervention- crucial to nationalist victory
28
Q

Divided nation in civil war

A
  • Massacres across spain
  • Captured republicans, inc women and children
  • Butterflys tongue
29
Q

Fredrico Garcia Lorca

A
  • Ode to salvador dali

- Death of creativity, etc night

30
Q

Attack on Spanish Church

A
  • Killing priests monks and nuns
  • Churches looted and burned
  • Mummified bodies put on display
31
Q

Guernica

A
  • Picasso painting

- Animals, despair, grey

32
Q

New world order

A
  • US dominance
  • Push for free trade
  • Bretton wood- established plan to rebuild economy
  • Open borders, pegging of US dollar to gold, capital abroad
33
Q

3 Vital economic institution

A

IMF- international monetary fund
IBRD- international bank for reconstruction and development, later world bank
GAtt- general agreement on trade and tariffs, previously ITO

34
Q

Import Substitution industrialization

A
  • UN commission for Latin America (ECLA)
  • Philosophy that trade with LA unfavorable due to low cost of primary good exports and high cost of manufactured imports
  • Commodity prices volatile
  • Recommend replacement of imports with production
  • Focus on economic independence, national needs first
35
Q

ISI frontrunners

A
  • Argentina Brazil Mexico Chile Uruguay
  • Pushed for barriers to trade to curtail imports
  • Subsidized production at home
  • Provided lo credit to expand industry
  • Legislation regarding what percentage of production local
36
Q

Challenges to ISI

A
  • reliance on foreign investment, techonology, markets
  • Channeling wealth to elites
  • Reproducing models of patronage
  • Lack of equitable land distribution for ag growth
37
Q

Inefficient land management

A
  • Landowners often used land for investment, prestige, not able to produce enough food
  • result- poverty + starvation
38
Q

From Economics to politics

A
  • push towards democracy
  • During vargas- fight against facism, allowed to demand rights for selves
  • Focus on pluralism, freedom of speech
39
Q

Guatemala ISI study

A
  • Jorge Ubico- dictatorial regime
  • Faced discontent among working classes
  • US non involvement, Ubico ousted
40
Q

Juan Jose Arevalo

A
  • Educator and author, socialist
  • Inspired by FDR
  • Lots of labor, social reform
  • National production institutie
  • land redistribution
41
Q

Challenges to Jocobo Arbenz

A

Difficult realities of long term reform

  • Extortion and bribes from elites
  • Challenges of distributing land
42
Q

Glorious victory

A

-Diego rivera painting, US involvement, puppet government, banana crops

Hisp Civ (7 decks)

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