March 31st (453-459)

Question 1

artificial selection

Answer 1

choosing individuals with desirable traits to reproduce.

Inspired by Malthus’s studies that there are more humans than resources on the planet.

Question 2

natural selection postulate #1

Answer 2

The individual organisms that make up a population vary in the traits they possess, such as their size and shape.

Question 3

natural selection postulate #2

Answer 3

Some of the trait differences are heritable, meaning that they are passed on to offspring.

Question 4

natural selection postulate #3

Answer 4

In each generation, many more offspring are produced than can possibly survive so only some individuals in the population survive long enough to produce offspring and some will reproduce more than others.

Question 5

natural selection postulate #4

Answer 5

The subset of individuals that survive best and produce the most offspring is not a random sample of the population as individuals with certain heritable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce. Natural selection occurs when individuals with certain chars. produce more offspring than do those w/o those chars. Individuals are selected naturally by the environment.

Question 6

natural selection outcome

Answer 6

change in allege frequencies in a population, not individuals, over time.

Question 7

short way of natural selection

Answer 7

occurs when (1) heritable variation leads to (2) differential reproductive success.

Question 8

biological fitness

Answer 8

ability of an individual to produce surviving, fertile offspring relative to that ability in other individuals in the population.

Question 9

biological adaption

Answer 9

heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment relative to the individuals lacking the trait.

Question 10

natural selection

Answer 10

differential reproduction as a result of heritable variation, not a purposeful choice.