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COMBANK Review > March 21 2014 > Flashcards

March 21 2014 Flashcards

1
Q

What are Howell-Jolly bodies?

A

Nuclear remnants within RBCs that are typically removed by the spleen.

They look like little periods (.) on the periphery of the cell with purple-red color

Indicate absent spleen or hypo-functioning spleen (think splenic auto-infarct in Sickle Cell)

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2
Q

What is basophilic stippling and in what disorders would you see this?

A

Blue-ish granules in RBC cytoplasm = ribosomal precipitates

Thallessemias, alcohol abuse, lead, heavy metal poisoning

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3
Q

Sickle cell anemia is caused by a ____ mutation on the ____ chain of Hb in RBCs

A

Point, Beat globin

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4
Q

In Sickle Cell anemia, glutamate is replaced by ______.

A

Valine

GAG to GUG

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5
Q

Tx for Sickle Cell pain crises?

A

Hydration, oxygen therapy, and narcotics

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6
Q

What protozoa infection is spread by the tsetse fly?

A

Trypanosomiasis (African Sleeping Sickness - enlarged lymph nodes, recurrent fevers, coma)

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7
Q

Viscerosomatic reflex for the uterus?

A

T10-L1

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8
Q

Hiding true motives behind elaboration of an incorrect explanation is called ___?

A

Rationalization

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9
Q

What is abnegation?

A

Denial

Person rejects true fact bc dealing with it is uncomfortable

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10
Q

Attributing feelings to other people that you are actually feeling (but denying) is called ____?

A

Projecting

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11
Q

Excluding your own desires and impulses from the conscious mind and putting them into the unconscious is called _____?

A

Repression

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12
Q

Reverting to a younger, less developed stage rather than dealing with situation like an adult is called ____?

A

Being a big ass baby…

Regression

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13
Q

What are the top three causes of neonatal meningitis?

A

S. agalactiae
E. coli
Listeria

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14
Q

UTIs in patients with catheters. Think of this bug -?

A

Staph. epidermidis

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15
Q

UTIs in sexually active females. Think of this bug -? Though it may not be the most common.

A

Staph saprolyticus

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16
Q

Gram positive, lancet shaped diplococci

A

Strep pneumo

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17
Q

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor that decreases level of folate? What kind of anemia can this cause? What is a main clinical use?

A

Methotrexate (used for RA)

Macrocytic (MCV > 100) megaloblastic

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18
Q

MOA and clinical application of Ramelteon

A

selective melatonin receptor agonist

binds to M1 and M2 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus

  • -> regulate circadian rhythm
  • -> increase wakefullness in AM
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19
Q

Identity disturbance, suicidal thoughts, and impulsivity

A

borderline personality

20
Q

Intense interpersonal relationships, rapidly shifting emotions, submissive

A

First two could be either borderline personality OR dependent personality disorder

Add in submissive = dependent personality disorder

21
Q

Inappropriate sexual seduction, attention seeking behavior, rapidly shifting emotions

A

Histrionic

22
Q

Arrogance, lack of empathy, feelings of gradiosity

A

narcissistic personality disorder

23
Q

Ovarian tumor with ectopic thyroid tissue (complete with hormone production) =?

A

Struma ovari

24
Q

Benign neoplasm of smooth muscle origin. Most common tumor in all of women.

A

Leiomyoma aka fibroids (NOT precursor for leiomyosarcoma)

Estrogen sensitive

25
Q

Ovarian fibromas are assc with ____ syndrome. What is it?

A

Meig’s

Fibroma, ascites, pleural effusion

26
Q

Anovulation, hirsutism, infertility, obesity, and diabetes are all associated with what female disorder?

A

PCOS (polycystic ovarian)

27
Q

Bilateral cystic adnexal masses caused by either reaction to elevated hCG or hypersensitivity to hCG =

A

theca lutein cysts

28
Q

Diagnosis of a manic or hypomanic episode requires 3 or more of certain disturbances. Name them.

A 
"DIG FAST"
D - distractibility
I- irresponsibility
G- gradiosity
F- flight of ideas
A - agitation
S- sleep, decreased need
T - talkativity
29
Q

Bipolar I vs. Bipolar II

A

Bipolar I - at least one manic episode

Bipolar II - at least one hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode in the past

30
Q

A fracture of the medical epicondyle will most likely damage what nerve? Root levels?

A

Ulnar C8-T1 –> claw hand

31
Q

Reactivation Tb (apex) is considered which type of hypersensitivity reaction?

A

IV - delayed type

32
Q

Drug regimen for Tb?

A

RIPE…S

Rifampin, isoniazid, pyrazinimide, ethambutol, streptomycin

33
Q

Isoniazid causes depletion of ____

A

B6

34
Q

What is the only thumb movement not involving the median nerve? What nerve is responsible?

A

Thumb adduction - ulnar nerve

35
Q

Obstruction to urine flow by stones typically occurs at what 3 sites:

A

ureteropelvic junction
crossing of ureter over iliac vessels
as ureter enters bladder

36
Q

Viscerosomatic levels for kidney =?

A

T10, T11

37
Q

Gentimicin MOA?

A

Binds to 30S and prevents protein synthesis

38
Q

What is HELLP syndrome

A

Hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, low platelets

39
Q

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricle?

A

Aqueduct of sylvius

40
Q

Foramen of magendie connects what to what? Luschka?

A

4th ventricle to medial entrance to subarachnoid space

LATERAL

41
Q

What connects the lateral and 3rd ventricle?

A

Foramen of monro

42
Q

Gram negative rod septic shock is caused by what virulence factor?

A

lipid A portion of lipopolysaccharide

43
Q

Septic shock is characterized by _____??

A

Hypotension
High CO (that becomes depressed as symptoms progress)
Low systemic vascular resistance
Low cardiac filling pressure

44
Q

McArdle disease is deficiency of what? How do you treat it?

A

muscle glycogen phosphorylate
(glycogen storage disease)
= exercise intolerance, easy fatigue, myalgia, muscle cramps…potentially rhabdomyolysis

TX: oral sucrose

45
Q

What should you expect from serological findings of McArdle disease?

A

increased creatine kinase

increased myoglobin

COMBANK Review (2 decks)

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