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Supreme Courts > Marbury v. Dallas Cowboys > Flashcards

Marbury v. Dallas Cowboys Flashcards

1
Q

1793

Ruled the federal government had jurisdiction in the case of an individual (*___* of SC) against another state (*_*); led to Eleventh Amendment

A

Chisholm v. Georgia

John Marshall

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2
Q

1803

Ruled Congress exceeded its power in Judiciary Act of 1789, establishing Supreme Court’s power to invalidate laws

A

Marbury v. Madison

CJ: John Marshall

  • Dealt with giving Writ of Mandamus to a “midnight judge”
  • Part of Judiciary Act of 1789 overturned
  • Established Judicial Review
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3
Q

1810

First state law ruled unconstitutional; case based on Yazoo land fraud

A

Fletcher v. Peck

John Marshall

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4
Q

1819

Ruled Congress had authority to charter a national bank under “necessary and proper” clause, and that the Second National Bank was immune to
taxation from Baltimore County

A

McCulloch v. Maryland

John Marshall

  • “the power to tax involves the power to destroy”
  • said it was unconstitutional for Maryland to tax a state branch of the Second Bank of the US
  • established Congress’s implied powers
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5
Q

1819

Ruled state could not arbitrarily alter terms of a college’s contract

A

Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward

John Marshall

  • Daniel Webster argued for Dartmouth
  • His argument moved John Marshall to tears
  • Invalidated New Hampshire’s attempt to invalidate Darmouth’s charter
    • Said it was a private contract
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6
Q

1821

Again overruled state law; case based on two brothers illegally selling lottery tickets

A

Cohens v. Virginia

John Marshall

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7
Q

1824

Ruled that Congress could regulate commerce and struck down monopoly on NY-NJ ferries given to Ogden, Fitch, Livingston, and Fulton

A

Gibbons v. Ogden

John Marshall

-Steamship case
-Involved Cornelius Vanderbilt and Robert Fulton
Fulton, of course, invented the steamboat, the Clermont
-Congress can regulate interstate commerce

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8
Q

1832

Ruled state of __ could not remove Cherokees, but Jackson did not enforce the decision (“Let him enforce it”)

A

Worcester v. Georgia

John Marshall

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9
Q

1833

Ruled Bill of Rights did not apply to state governments; case based on a claim for compensation from city of _____ for reducing wharf’s value

A

Barron v. Baltimore

John Marshall

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10
Q

1857

Ruled Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional because it deprived a person of his property (slaves) without due process, and that slaves are not citizens

A

Dred Scott v. Sanford

Roger Taney

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11
Q

1861

Ruled Lincoln could not suspend habeas corpus for secessionist at Fort McHenry

A

Ex parte Merryman

Roger Taney

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12
Q

1866

Ruled an Indiana civilian could not be tried in military courts when civil courts existed

A

Ex parte Milligan

Salmon P. Chase

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13
Q

1867

Ruled unconstitutional a law requiring attorneys to have always been loyal to US

A

Ex parte Garland

Salmon P. Chase

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14
Q

1877

Upheld laws supported by Grangers regulating railroad rates

A

Munn v. Illinois

Morrison Waite

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15
Q

1884

Upheld conviction of Klansmen who prevented a black man from voting in GA

A

Ex parte Yarbrough

Morrison Waite

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16
Q

1895

Ruled manufacturing was not commerce and so not
covered by Sherman Antitrust Act; let stand a sugar monopoly

A

United States v. E.C. Knight Co.

Melville Fuller

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17
Q

1895

Ruled part of Wilson-Gorman Tariff Act that established an income tax was unconstitutional; led to Sixteenth Amendment

A

Pollock v. Farmers’ Loan and Trust Co.

Melville Fuller

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18
Q

1896

Ruled constitutional a state law requiring separate but equal facilities for black and white passengers

A

Plessy v. Ferguson

Melville Fuller

  • Separate but equal
  • Dealt with man of mixed race trying to ride a train in Louisiana
  • Written by justice Fuller
  • Only dissenter was John Marshall Harlan
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19
Q

1904

Ruled a holding company formed solely to eliminate
competition between two railroad lines violated antitrust act

A

Northern Securities Co. v. US

Melville Fuller

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20
Q

1905

Limited power of states to regulate working conditions by finding in favor of Lochner, a NY bakery owner fined by the state

A

Lochner v. New York

Melville Fuller

  • Law limiting hours of bakers unconstitutional
    • Breached freedom of contract
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21
Q

1908

Ruled constitutional a state law limiting the working hours of women

A

Muller v. Oregon

Melville Fuller

  • Upheld limiting working hours for woman
  • Brandeis Brief supported the law
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22
Q

1908

Ruled secondary boycotts illegal under Sherman Antitrust Act

A

Loewe v. Lawler (Danbury Hatters)

Melville Fuller

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23
Q

1911

Ruled ____ must be dissolved because of its unreasonable restraint of trade, not because of its size

A

Standard Oil Co. of New Jersey et al. v. US

Edward White

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24
Q

1918

Ruled unconstitutional a law prohibiting commerce of goods produced by child labor; case brought by NC man with two sons in a cotton mill

A

Hammer v. Dagenhart

Edward White

25
Q

1919

Sustained Espionage Act of 1917, saying freedom of speech could be constrained if it presents a “clear and present danger”; based on a case in which a man distributed anti-draft pamphlets

A

Schenck v. US

Edward White

  • Socialist arrested for anti-draft pamphlets
  • Oliver Wendell Holmes decision
  • “Clear and present danger”
26
Q

1925

Ruled freedom of speech in First Amendment applies to states also, but let stand a law preventing advocacy of violent overthrow of government

A

Gitlow v. New York

William Howard Taft

27
Q

1935

Ruled unconstitutional the National Industrial Recovery Act

A

Schechter Poultry v. US

(Sick chicken case)

Charles Evans Hughes

28
Q

1937

Upheld Wagner Act

A

National Labor Relations Board v. Jones & Laughlin Steel

Charles Evans Hughes

29
Q

1951

Upheld Smith Act of 1940 outlawing speaking about Communist theory of advocating the forcible overthrow of US government

A

Dennis et al. v. US

Fred Vinson

30
Q

1954

Ruled that separate schools for black and white
students were inherently unequal, violating Fourteenth Amendment

A

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka

Earl Warren

  • Combination of cases, including
  • Segregation of Public Schools unconstitutional; violates 14th amendment
  • Enforced by case of Cooper v. Aaron
  • Cited Kenneth Clark’s studies
31
Q

1957

Ruled that obscene material not protected by
freedom of speech, defining obscene as “utterly without redeeming social value”

A

Roth v. US and Alberts v. California

Earl Warren

32
Q

1961

Ruled evidence obtained in violation of Fourth Amendment could not be used in court

A

Mapp v. Ohio

Earl Warren

  • Exclusionary rule
    • Extended by the “fruit of the poisonous tree” doctrine
  • Said evidence obtained in violation of 4th amendment is inadmissible in STATE courts, not just federal courts
33
Q

1962

Ruled public school officials could not require school prayer

A

Engel v. Vitale

Earl Warren

34
Q

1962

Ruled federal courts could redistrict legislative districts in TN

A

Baker v. Carr

Earl Warren

35
Q

1963

Ruled that due process in Fourteenth Amendment applies to states, so all persons charged with crimes must be provided an attorney

A

Gideon v. Wainwright

Earl Warren

  • Poor criminal defendents must be provided with state legal counsel at trial
  • Stemmed from a guy who broke into a pool hall
  • 6th amendment
36
Q

1964

Ruled freedom of press protected press from libel suits for
reports on public officials unless it could be proven he reports were made from malice

A

New York Times v. Sullivan

Earl Warren

-NY Times published “Heed Their Rising Voices” from Alabama State University protestors
complained that Montgomery police commissioner -Sullivan shot down dining hall
-About Alabama police commissioner Sullivan
Sullivan said it was libelous
-Court basically said that you can write what you want about public figures

37
Q

1965

Ruled state could not prohibit contraceptives

A

Griswold v. Connecticut

Earl Warren

  • Overturned Connecticut law banning contraceptives
  • Justice Potter Stewart said law was “uncommonly silly” but constitutional
  • Justice Douglas wrote majority opinion
  • Said right to privacy was in the “penumbras” of the Constitution
38
Q

1966

Ruled suspects must be informed of their right to remain silent and to obtain an attorney before questioning them

A

Miranda v. Arizona

Earl Warren

-Suspects must be informed of their right to remain silent, right to an attorney, etc.
-Expanded Precedent by the Escebedo v. Illinois case
“absolute right to remain silent”
-Dickerson v. US upheld it
-“it has entered our national culture”
-centered on retarded man’s rape and murder of 18 year old

39
Q

1967

Ruled unconstitutional a law banning interracial marriages, saying laws with racial classifications are “inherently suspect”

A

Loving v. Virginia

Earl Warren

  • Laws banning interracial marriage are unconstitutional
  • Overturned Pace v. Alabama
  • Struck down the Racial Integrity Act
40
Q

1971

Permitted busing to end school segregation

A

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education

Warren Burger

41
Q

1972

Ruled death penalty, as instituted, unconstitutional

A

Furman v. Georgia

Warren Burger

42
Q

1972

Ruled Amish could be exempted from compulsory education law

A

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Warren Burger

43
Q

1973

Ruled fetus was not a person and that Fourteenth
Amendment protected women’s rights to abortion

A

Roe v. Wade

Warren Burger

  • written by Justice Harry Blackmun
  • overturned abortion laws in Texas
  • companion case of Doe v. Bolton
  • upheld in Planned Parenthood v. Casey
    • said states could have some restrictions if they didn’t -create an “undue burden” on woman’s right to choose
44
Q

1974

Ruled executive privilege of immunity from judicial demands for evidence to be used in a criminal trial were not applicable in this case

A

US v. Nixon

Warren Burger

45
Q

1976

Ruled campaign spending limits violate First Amendment

A

Buckley v. Valeo

Warren Burger

46
Q

1977

Ruled death penalty excessive for rape

A

Coker v. Georgia

Warren Burger

47
Q

1978

Ruled special affirmative action medical admissions program violated 1964 Civil Rights Act, but that race could be considered in admissions

A

Regents of University of California v. Bakke

Warren Burger

  • White guy denied admission to UC Davis med school though less qualified minority applicants were
  • Race as factor in admissions upheld in general, but overturned in this case
48
Q

1986

Upheld Georgia law against homosexuality

A

Bowers v. Hardwick

Warren Burger

49
Q

1990

Ruled person has right to refuse life-sustaining medical treatment, but there must be “clear and convincing evidence” of that desire

A

Cruzan v. Missouri

William Rehnquist

50
Q

1995

Ruled federal programs classifying people by race may
deny right to equal protection and be unconstitutional, unless “narrowly tailored” to a “compelling governmental interest”

A

Adarand Constructors v. Pena

William Rehnquist

51
Q

1995

Ruled Congressional term limits unconstitutional

A

US Term Limits Inc. v. Thorton

William Rehnquist

52
Q

1950

  • Court said separate law school of the University of Texas for a black man was unconstitutional
  • The school was basically a one room deal with Sweatt as the only student
A

Sweatt v. Painter

Fred Vinson

53
Q

1944

  • Dealt with Executive Order 9066
  • Said Japanese internment in WWII was constitutional
A

Korematsu v. US

Harlan Stone

54
Q

1964

Said Civil Rights Act of 1964 was constitutional under the Interstate Commerce Clause of the Constitution

A

Heart of Atlanta Motel v. United States

Earl Warren

55
Q

1969

Students had right to wear black armbands protesting Vietnam War

A

Tinker v. Des Moines

Earl Warren

56
Q

1989

  • Said burning an American flag was protected speech
  • Struck down 1989 flag protection act
A

Texas v. Johnson

William Rehnquist

57
Q

1987

____ sued _____ for showing a fake Campari ad with ____ having sex with his mom in an outhouse
Court said cartoon was fine; gave broad protection to parody

A

Hustler Magazine v. Fallwell

William Rehnquist

58
Q

2003

  • Said anti-sodomy law was unconstitutional
  • Overturned Bowers v. Hardwick
A

Lawrence v. Texas

William Rehnquist

59
Q

2003

  • Two cases against president of University of Michigan regarding Affirmative Action
  • Point based system shot down, affirmative action for law school upheld
A

Gratz and Grutter v. Bollinger

William Rehnquist

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