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Multi Agent Systems > Marbel > Flashcards

Marbel Flashcards

1
Q

Agent

A

Anything that can be viewed as perceiving its environment through sensors and acting upon that environment through effectors

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2
Q

Controllable entities

A

Can perform actions in the environment (a bot, a gripper, a character)

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3
Q

Percepts (definition)

A

Received by agent and inform it about what the entity can see

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4
Q

Event processing

A

Enables the agent to process events, such as percepts and messages between agents

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5
Q

Representing information

A

Enables the agent to maintain a model of the environment and enables the agent to reason about its environment

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6
Q

Decision making

A

Enables the agent to reason about what it should do next and select an action to perform next

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7
Q

.mas2g file

A

Used for launching an agent system, connecting agents to entities in an environment, and for processing events by subscribing to channels

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8
Q

.pl file

A

A knowledge representation file used for representing information and to create the initial database of an agent

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9
Q

.mod2g file

A

Module files, contain rules that are used for programming the decision making capability of an agent

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10
Q

Launch rule

A

Launching an agent in marbel with command launch

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11
Q

Init module

A

The first module to be executed when the agent is launched

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12
Q

Update module

A

Update the agents database after performing an action

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13
Q

action rules

A

rules that consist of a query and an action

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14
Q

environment actions

A

change the state of the environment

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15
Q

single agent environment (property)

A

an environment with only a single entity that can make changes to the environment

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16
Q

use clause

A

use id.

where id is a prolog file, this enables MARBEL to use prolog

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17
Q

multi-agent environment (property)

A

an environment in which more than one agent can make changes and effect the environment

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18
Q

deterministic (property)

A

Effects of actions on the environment state are completely predictable

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19
Q

discrete(property)

A

There is only a limited number of percepts and actions available in the environment

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20
Q

fully observable (property)

A

an entity can always see the complete figuration of the environment

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21
Q

send always (percept)

A

New information that becomes available should be added whereas old information
should be removed.

replace handler

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22
Q

environment actions

A

actions made available by an environment

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23
Q

precondition

A

specifies whether its possible to perform an action (can be a query or not)

24
Q

actions are enabled when

A

the preconditions for being able to perform the action hold

25
Q

instantaneous action

A

the time needed to execute it can be neglected

26
Q

durative action

A

the time needed to execute it can not be neglected, they take time

if another action is performed while the durative one is still in progress the durative one will be cancelled

27
Q

send action

A

used for communicating messages to other agents

28
Q

insert (<update>) action</update>

A

modifies an agents database by inserting all positive literals in <update> into it, and removing all facts that occur in negative literals in <update></update></update>

should be a conjunction of prolog literals

(insert (not(on(1,2)), on(1,0) removes on(1,2) and inserts on(1,0)

29
Q

delete (<update>) action</update>

A

modifies an agents database by removing positive literals in <update> and adding negative literals</update>

30
Q

+ operator

A

can be used to combine actions
executed from left to right
insert(…) + delete(…)

31
Q

print(<term>) action</term>

A

prints the prolog term <term>, can be anything</term>

32
Q

log(<parameter>) action</parameter>

A

can be used to write logging information to a file

33
Q

sleep(<term>) action</term>

A

freezes the agent for <term> amount of time, after the agent will continue on as normal</term>

34
Q

starttimer(<name>,<interval>,<duration>) action</duration></interval></name>

A

can be used to start a timer

35
Q

canceltimer(<name>) action</name>

A

can be used to cancel a timer before its duration has ended

36
Q

partially observable

A

an agent cannot see the entire figuration of the environment

37
Q

static (property)

A

the environment doesnt change if the agent doesnt do anything

38
Q

properties of environments

A

static/dynamic
discrete/continuous
single/multi agents
deterministic/stochastic
full/partial observability

39
Q

send once (percept)

A

For percepts that are received only once,

add handler

40
Q

send on change (percept)

A

received each time when an environment feature
changes but not received when the feature does not change.

update handler

41
Q

if … then exit-module

A

terminate the agent when its done

42
Q

linear order style (rule evaluation for decision making)

A

done in order (the first rule that is applicable is applied)

43
Q

linear all style (rule evaluation for initialization and updating)

A

first, all rules are evaluated and then all rules that are applicable are applied

44
Q

order option for a module

A

with this the order of rule evaluation can be changed (random, linear, linearall, linearrandom, linearallrandom,randomall)

45
Q

agent-oriented programming

A

a model of decision making where agents make decisions based on what they believe

46
Q

condition-action rules

A

an action is enabled based on a condition

if <condition> then <action></action></condition>

47
Q

launch policy

A

tells the platform when to create and launch an agent

(launch helloWorldAgent.)

48
Q

agent definition

A

specifies a name for the agent and consists of a definition section that specifies which module files should be used for creating the agent,

specifies a type of agent

(use helloWorld for decisions)

49
Q

exit=noaction

A

terminate the agent when theres nothing left to do

50
Q

with clause

A

used to set one or more initialization parameters of an environment

(with start=[2,3,0].)

51
Q

flounder

A

a prolog program that applies negation to a non-ground literal

avoid this by making each variable in the body of a rule first appears in a positive literal (block(X) before not(on(_,X).)

52
Q

non-ground literal

A

a literal that contains uninstantiated variables

53
Q

closed world assumption

A

anything not explicitely stated to be true in the database is assumed to be false,

thus the database should contain all relevant facts about the environment for it to work correctly

54
Q

a predicate is defined when

A

if it occurs in the head of a prolog rule

55
Q

declaring predicates

A

all predicates that are used, but not defined need to be declared (in the dynamic section)

56
Q

forall <query> do <action></action></query>

A

used to apply a specified action to all bindings that satisfy a given query

(forall on(L1, L2) do delete(on(L1,L2))

Multi Agent Systems (2 decks)

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