Marb-215 final Flashcards
Ecdyzozoa (Clade) most worms
- All molt a cuticle
- Ecdysis = molting due to a hormone called ecdysone
P. Nematoda
Roundworms
- Pseudocoelomates
- Longitudinal muscles only
- Cuticle (shed 4 times)
most abundant metazoan
P. Nematomorpha
Horsehair worms
- Lifecycle: parasites in arthropods w free living adults, but adults only exit host into water
- Only longitudinal muscles
- Vestigial digestive system: absorb nutrients
P. Loricifera
Lorica animals “girdle wearer”
* marine only*
- 5 body regions mouth: invert (head)
- Lorica (usually chitin) is protection for body
* only mesozoan to live in anoxic regions
use hydrogenosome for respiration (fornicata & parabasalid protists) * use H+ as final electron receptor
P. Kinorhyncha
Mud dragons “beak movers”
- Use scalids (spines on head) to move
- scalids used for locomotion, chemoreception, and mechanoreception
- In marine and estuarine areas
P. Priapulida
Penis worms
- Introvert surrounded by “teeth”
- Extendable proboscis/pharynx to capture prey pull introvert into body and toothed collar holds the prey.
- Not metamerized- superficial rings only
- Not sure if pseudocoelomates or coelomates
- Marine and fw habitats
P. Onychophora
Velvet worms “claw bearers”
- Cuticle made of chitin, but softer cuticle and molts in patches
- Found in moist, tropical, terrestrial areas
- *Sperm deposited on skin of female
- Carnivorous (spray slime that hardens when reaches the air to trap prey)
- Metamerized
- Tracheal system and Hemocoel (open circ system where blood bathes organs)
- both show how close they are to arthropods
P. Tardigrada
Water bears; slow step
- Cuticle chitinous, but w lots of lipids
- Malpighian tubules
- Extremophiles:
cryptobiosis (extreme hibernation) and
“Tun” state - desicate (just exist for decades)
- Males fertilize eggs externally
P Arthropoda
“jointed foot”
largest phylum by species
- True coelomates w/ hemocoel
- Metamerized w tagmatization
- No motility via cilia
Arthropodization: advancements by this phylum to make them the most successful phylum in the animal kingdom.
- Sclerotization of external cuticle to create exoskeleton
- Jointed appendages- increases mobility
- “Plasticity” of appendages: appendages that can become anything
Subphylum Chelicerata of P. Arthropoda
- Named for chelipeds (feeding appendages)
- Lack antennae
Cl. Merostomata: (P. Arthropoda and Sub. Chelicerata)
- “thigh mouth” name for gnathobases
- Abdomen w/ opercula (fused appendages to help swim, protect genital pores, & protect book gills)
Cl. Pycnogonida: (P. Arthropoda and Sub. Chelicerata)
sea spider
- Very high SA:V
- Legs -> digestion, respiration (diffusion)
- 360° vision
- Chelifores (feeding)
- Males w ovigers (used to hold female and gather eggs)
Marine only
Subphylum Crustaceans (P. Arthropoda)
- Head w multiple appendages
- Appendages binamorous - 2 parts, 1 for locomotion and 1 for respiration (diffusion due to high SA:V ratio)
- Hormone ecdysone for molting
Cl. Branchiopoda: (P. Arthropoda and Subphylum Crustaceans)
gill feet
- Phyllopodia: gas exchange, flattened feathery appendages; breath via diffusion due to very high SA:V and also used for motility and filter feeding
Cl. Hexanauplia: (P. Arthropoda and Subphylum Crustaceans)
6 “nauplia” larval stages
Subclass Copepoda- Oar feet
- Most common animal in zooplankton
- Long antennules (swim) and single media eye
Cl. Maxillopoda: (P. Arthropoda and Subphylum Crustaceans)
Jaw foot
Order Thoracica- Barnacles
- 6 thoracic appendages w cirri (wispy, feathery) appendages
- Vestigial abdomen (not really there)
- Larvae selltes on substrate w/ glue
- Surround body w 6 CaCO3 plates = carapace
Cl. Malacostraca: (P. Arthropoda and Subphylum Crustaceans)
- “soft shell” isopods, amphipods, krills, crabs/lobsters/shrimp, mantis shrimp
- Largest group of crustaceans
- Abdominal appendages
Order Isopoda: (P. Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustaceans, Cl. Malacostraca)
“equal feet”
- dorsally/ventrally flattened
Abdominal appendages fused into flattened plates =
- Gills are under these pleopods & used for swimming
- Benthic
* Ecologically VERY IMPORTANT- nutrient cycling, stir up sed, and release nutrients back into food *
Order Amphipoda: (P. Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustaceans, Cl. Malacostraca)
different appendages (gnathopod “jaw foot”)
- Laterally (side to side) flattened
- Coxae to protect gills
- Most abundant benthic organisms (in water or beaches etc -> sand fleas)
- Nutrient cycling scavengers
Order Euphausiacea: (P. Arthropoda, Subphylum Crustaceans, Cl. Malacostraca)
krill marine only
- Resemble small schhrimp, but no maxillipeds (feeding appendages)
- Instead of maxillipeds use thoracic appendages to filter feed phytoplankton
Carapace protects gills
Bioluminesce
