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Geography Year 5 > Maps, Weathering and rocks > Flashcards

Maps, Weathering and rocks Flashcards

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1
Q

Learn map of Europe plus capital cities and important rivers, seas, etc

A
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2
Q

Learn map of UK, cities, rivers, mountains

A
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3
Q

We can show height on maps by…

A
  1. contours - lines drawn on a map which join places which are the same height.
  2. spot heights - these are small dots. Often found next to roads on some maps. next to the dot is a number. This shows the height of hte land at that place.
  3. Shading - different colours or patterns can be used to show the height of land.
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4
Q

How do we describe a journey using a map?

A

We can describe a journey on a map using hte following information:

  1. height
  2. direction
  3. distance
  4. features
  5. physical
  6. grid references
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5
Q

Learn important lines of latitude and longitude on map.

A
  1. Tropic of Capricorn
  2. Prime Meridian
  3. Arctic Circle
  4. Equator
  5. Antarctic Circle
  6. Tropic of Cancer
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6
Q

Learn the oceans:

A
  1. Pacific Ocean
  2. Indian Ocean
  3. Arctic Ocean
  4. Atlantic Ocean
  5. Southern Ocean
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7
Q

Learn the seven continents.

A
  1. Africa
  2. Antarctica
  3. Asia
  4. Oceania
  5. Europe
  6. North America
  7. South America
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8
Q

Poles and the Equator - describe.

A

The world is like a large ball.

At the “top” is a point called the North Pole.

At the “botttom” is the South Pole.

The equator is an imaginary line drawn round the globe midway between the two poles. This “splits the world into two hemispheres, the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

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9
Q

learn all the points of the sixteen point compass

A
  1. N
  2. NNE
  3. NE
  4. ENE
  5. E
  6. ESE
  7. SE
  8. SSE
  9. S
  10. SSW
  11. SW
  12. WSW
  13. W
  14. WNW
  15. NW
  16. NNW
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10
Q

Name 3 types of weathering.

A
  1. Mechanical
  2. Chemical
  3. Biological
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11
Q

What happens after weathering?

A
  1. Erosion (once a rock has been weakened by weathering, it is more likely to be eroded).
  2. Transport (the rock can be broken up and carried away by the agents of erosion: running water, the sea, glaciers and the wind.)
  3. Deposition (the agents of erosion also transport the eroded material and deposits it where the speed of water flow is reduced, such as where it enters a lake).
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12
Q

Describe the mechanical weathering process.

(Be able to draw diagram to demonstrate mechanical weathering.)

A

Mechanical - physical break-up of rocks.

  • Frost often a cause of rock fracture. Water, which finds its way into cracks and joints in rock, expands by 10% when it freezes. This causes great pressure. Repeated freezing and thawing weakens the rock and eventually splits it into jagged pieces. This is called frost shattering. Large amounts of these shattered rocks can be found as scree slopes in mountainous areas where frost action is, or has been.
  • Changes in temperature causes expansion and contraction of rock. The greater the range of temperature, the more effective the weathering. In deserts the blistering heat of the day causes the rock’s surface to expand and break away from the inner layers of rock. At night the rock’s surface contracts in the cooler temperatures. As this happens daily, it will eventually cause the rock to crack. Pieces of rock drop off in layers like the skin of an onion. This process is called exfoliation.
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13
Q

Describe the chemical weathering process.

(Be able to draw diagram to demonstrate chemical weathering.)

A

Chemical weathering is caused by the action of water. Ordinary rainwater is slightly acidic and can dissolve certain minerals such as calcium carbonate in limestone. Decaying plants (and animals) produce acids which erode rocks.

Human actions have increased chemical weathering through the burning of coal, oil and gas. Sulphur dioxide gas is released by this burning process. The sulphur dioxide combines with water and oxygen in the atmosphere to form dilute sulphuric acid. Acid rain harms plants, animals and buildings.

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14
Q

Describe biological weathering.

(Be able to draw diagram to demonstrate biological weathering.)

A

Plants and animals can cause biological weathering. The roots of trees may grow into joints and cracks in rock and force the rock apart. Burrowing animals such as moles, and even the humble earthworm, will help to break down rock.

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15
Q

Describe the structure of the earth.

A

4500 million years ago the earth was a big ball of hot liquid and gases. The outer layers cooled and formed a hard crust.

This crust is between 6 and 40 km thick.

Beneath the crust lies mantle where molten rock (hot liquid) called magma flows.

The centre of the earth (the core) is much hotter and geologists believe it to be a solid ball of iron and nickel.

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16
Q

Learn to label the structure of the earth.

A
17
Q

Learn to label the structure of the earth (no. 2).

A
18
Q

Learn how to do six figure grid references.

A
19
Q

Describe the earth’s crust.

A
  1. The crust is between 6 and 40km thick.
  2. It is made of solid rock.
  3. It is the part of the earth on which we live.
20
Q

Describe the characteristics of the earth’s mantle:

A
  1. 2800km thick
  2. semi-molten rock called magma
21
Q

Describe the characteristics of the outer core.

A
  1. 2200km thick
  2. molten iron and nickel
  3. Temperature up to 50000C
22
Q

Describe the characteristics of the inner core.

A
  1. 1278km thick
  2. solid ball of iron and nickel
  3. 5500oC
  4. centre of the earth
23
Q

What are the 3 main rock types?

A
  1. igneous
  2. sedimentary
  3. metamorphic
24
Q

How did igneous rocks form?

Give 2 examples of igneous rock and describe how they are used.

A
  1. Igneous rocks result from volcanic activity. The consist of crystals which formed as the volcanic rock cooled down.
  2. Examples:
  • granite - buildings, reservoirs,
  • basalt - weathers into fertile soil, foundation material for roads
25
Q

How did sedimentary rocks form?

Give 4 examples and describe their uses.

A
  1. sedimentary rocks have been laid down in layers. Ususally consist of small particles that have been (a) eroded and transported or (b) layers of the remains of plants and animals.
  2. Examples:
  • coal - thermal energy (power stations, domestic fires)
  • sandstone - building material, sites for settlement
  • limestone- sheep pasture, stone walls
  • chalk - cereal farming, cement.
26
Q

How did metamorphic rocks form?

Give 2 examples and describe their uses.

A
  1. Rocks altered by extremes of heat or pressure.
  2. Examples:
  • marble - statues
  • slate - building material e.g. roof tiles

Geography Year 5 (2 decks)

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