Mapping Skills Flashcards
What are the advantages of remote sensing?
Studying types of vegetation
Studying and planning land use
Monitoring coastal changes and collecting ocean data
Assessing hazards
Managing natural resources
What is the advantage of remote sensing over direct observation?
It has varied applications
Allow users to collect, interpret, and manipulate data over large, not easily accessible, dangerous areas.
What are the three types of remote sensing?
Radar
LIDAR
Arial Photography
Describe radar.
Creates images of a landscape in 2-D and 3-D.
Describe LIDAR.
Detects features and measures distance and range (changes in ocean levels and topography).
Identifies and measures aerosols, clouds and other atmospheric constituents.
Describe Arial Photography.
Two overlapping photographs can be viewed with a stereoscope.
A valuable historical source for land change.
Can be digitalised and compared to modern satellite and aircraft data.
Explain the concept of geographical/spatial modelling.
Explain geographical processes.
Help to predict outcomes.
Explain changes associated with time and distance.
Give examples of geographical processes explained by geographical/spatial modelling.
Flows, inputs throughputs and outputs, connections, associations and interrelationships.
Give examples of the ways in which different geographical features are connected to each other.
Density, distribution, shape, change over time.
Give examples of spatial modelling that project changes in land cover.
Von Thünen’s economic rent model
Christaller’s central place theory
Box models
Zero-dimensional models
Radiative-convective models
What scale maps are topographical maps?
Large-scale
What do large-scale maps show?
More detail about a smaller area of the Earth’s surface.
What do small-scale maps show?
Less detail about a larger area of the Earth’s surface.
How do you calculate the area of an irregular-shaped object?
Count the number of full grid squares.
Estimate from the incomplete.
Formula for the time taken to travel a distance?
Formula for gradient?
Define latitude.
A measurement in degrees North and South of the Equator.
Horizontal.
Define longitude.
A measurement in degrees East or West of the Prime Meridian.
Vertical.
Define Easings.
The parallel, vertical lines on a map
Define Northings.
The parallel, horizontal lines on a map.
Define area reference (AR).
Usually 4 figures.
The number of Eastings and Northings which border the area of the feature.
Used to indicate specific areas on a map.
Define grid reference (GR).
Usually 6 figures.
Used to pinpoint specific features on a map.
Define contour line.
A line on a map joining points of equal altitude.
What are three characteristics of contour lines?
They cannot end but eventually must join up to enclose an area which is above (or occasionally below) a certain altitude.
They cannot cross or touch (with the exception of cliffs)
Tend to be parallel.
Formula for vertical exaggeration?
Example of vertical exaggeration calculation?
