Mapeh Flashcards by Flordan Labolabo

What are the elements of Chinese Music?

Pitch/ tonal system
Vocal timbre
Meter / rhythm
Texture

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Wu Shung or the five-tone/pentatonic scale is the most common Chinese music scale.

Pitch/Tonal System

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Chinese culture and people believe in

cosmological significance

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-in Han Chinese culture, the style of singing is usually thin and nasal. There are smoother melodic lines and lower pitches.

Vocal Timbre

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Chinese music is mostly in duple rhythm or 2 quarter which transmits the principle of natural “duality” like female-male or yin-yang relationship. The rhythm patterns may also reflect the Confucian Zhongyong concept.

Meter/Rhythm

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It is generally thought that Chinese music is in

homophonic texture because it is mainly the distinguishing characteristic of early Chinese ritual music like the Ya Yieh, which is a classical music but in the instrumental music of China, the musicians make use of embellishments of the melody where they play variations in melody, in unison with the vocal music and instrumental accompaniment. Thus, it gives the rise to heterophonic texture in most of Chinese folk music of the Han people.

Texture

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The universe is ruled by a principle known as the _____” which is divided into two opposing theories called the “”.

Tao, Yin and Yang

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shows the femaleness principle and also the cold, dark, submission, and completion;

Yin

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w describes the maleness principle and also the heat,light,dominance,andheaven.

Yang

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is usually described as high-pitched and nasal but there are regional differences in the style of singing.

Chinese vocal music

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WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF VOCAL MUSIC?

Religious music
Art song
Narrative music
Chinese folk song

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consists of religious chants or rituals music (temple music)that is performed for religious ceremonies such as salvation and memorial rituals. One example of it is the Buddhist (Sanskrit) music.

Religious Music

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is vocal music from the 12th to 13th based on Qu’s poems. It is a kind of art song wherein the performs with the use of a wooden clapper.

Xiaoling

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One of the most important genres of storying songs is ______. It is about a romantic legend and uses instruments.

zhugongdiao

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describes the lives of most _____ is an example of a folk song. It is composedses of the same length, each with a musical thought

Han Chine Shang

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It have traditionally been categorized according to the material they are composed of. Metal, stone, silk, bamboo gourd, clay, skin, and wood were the eight tones used to define musical instruments in the “Ba-yin” or “eight tones” system.

Chinese Music Instruments

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Bowed Strings

Erhu ( Chinese violin)
Banho (Bonghu )

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Plucked strings

Yueqin
Ruan (Chinese guitar)
Zheng
Pipa

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is a two-stringed violin. This is played solo in small ensembles, orchestras, and groupings. large ethnic

Erhu (Chinese violin)

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has a long, narrow neck. It is the lead accompaniment in Bangzi-ballads.

Banhu (Bonghu)

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is a lute with a circular sound box and a short neck.

Yueqin

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is also known as the moon guitar and it comes in different shapes. It has a longer neck than the yueqin

Ruan (Chinese guitar)

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is a traditional Chinese instrument with an arching surface and an expanded trapezoid with 13-21 strings strung across individual bridges.

. Zheng

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has a pear-shaped body and a four-stringed lute with 30 frets. This Instrument has a wonderful expressive range and dramatic range. It has a short neck and a wooden belly.

Pipa

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Wind Instruments

Dizi Sheng ( mouth organ) Xiao

is a type of traditional flute. Fluttering and double or triple tonguing can be used to play it.

Dizi

, often known as the "long flute", is a well- known wind instrument. In Chinese classical music, it is performed solo.

Xiao

is one of the e instruments im Itis made ouro 17 bamboo pipes varying lengths tha have been stru together

Sheng(mouth organ)

Percussion Instruments(Idiophones)

Pengling Zhong Yunlou or cloud gongs

are two small bells made of high-tin bronze

Pengling

are Chinese clapper bronze bells produced mainly during the late Zhou dynasty. It was made of clay in Neolithic times

Zhong

is a 10-piece set of miniature tuned gongs with varying thicknesses fixed in a wooden frame

Yunlou of "cloud gongs"

Chinese musical instruments can be classified into four groups based on how they are performed:

. Bowed Strings Plucked strings Wind instrument Percussion instruments ( idiophones)

was influenced by the court music of China. As years went by, it was reshaped into distinctive styles of expressions from the adoption of the instruments to the application of theory and was based on the five-tone scale or pentatonic scale.

Japanese music

Foundations of Japanese traditional music

Shomyo Gagaku

Buddhist chanting Based on sacred text and hymns Has a flexible rhythm where the singer stops when there is no more breath Sung in monophonic acapella Has lost its real religious nature and has become formal ceremonial music in the temple and at home

Shomyo

Means "elegant and refined music" Includes imperial court music and dances "Ga" means refined, while "gaku" means music It is Japan's oldest surviving musical form. China has had a big influence on this court music.

Gagaku

is monophonic in nature because polyphony just didn't flourish well unlike in Western music. It observes minute tones, free rhythm, delicate timbre, and it is usually written in duple meter.

Japanese music

are the two basic types of scale in Japanese music and both are pentatonic in nature

Yo-sen and in sen

is usually sung in high tight, throated, and melismatie manner.

Japanese maaste

The texture of Japanese music is ______ and it is usually written in ____

monophonic, duple meter.

is also known as the "hard mode". It is considered as the male scale and does not have semitone intervals.

Yo-Sen

is also known as the "soft mode". It is considered as the female scale and includes semitone intervals

In-Sen

Japanese Vocal Music Min’yo or Japanese folk song is a genre of Japanese traditional music.It is categorized into three:

Kyo do Warabe uta Hayari uta

is a genre of Japanese traditional music.

Min’yo or Japanese folk song

(Local Songs) rural/village songs Farmers' songs Songs arranged by urban musical specialists Dance songs like rain dances and festival songs Ex: Traditional songs

Kyo-Do

(Children's Songs) It features new or created pieces by specialized lyricists and composers, as well as natural songs passed down through oral tradition Ex: Nursery rhymes

Warabe Uta

(Popular Songs) It is common song that is made or created as a product by record companies and spreads with the backing of the populace Ex: Anime opening songs

Hayari Uta

East Asian music instruments are usually divided into three categories:

winds, strings , and percussion.

STRING INSTRUMENTS (CHORDOPHONES) of japan

Koto Biwa Shamisen

- made of Paulownia wood with a 13- stringed zither. The thumb and first two fingers of the right hand are used to playing it.

Koto

- a short-necked lute used in gagaku and by blind monk entertainers to accompany early puppet shows.

Biwa

- a long narrow three- stringed plucked lute

Shamisen

Wind instrument ( aerophones ) of japan

Sho Sakuhachi Shinobue Hichiriki

- a mouthpiece organ that is similar to the Chinese Sheng

Sho

–a bamboo flute with four front finger holes and one back thumb hole.

Shakuhachi

- a five-holed vertical flute made from the lower part of a bamboo stem

Shinobue

a bamboo oboe with seven front fingerholes and two back thumbholes.

Hichiriki-

Percussion Instruments(Idiophones and Membranophones) of japan

Taiko Hyoshigi Kane

- ancient Japanese large drums with sizes ranging from a snare drum to drum as large as a car

Taiko

a pair of hardwood or a bamboo connected by a thin rope, used in theaters to announce the beginning of a performance

Hyoshigi

– a dish- shaped bell hung on a bar; the percussionist beats the Kane with a specialized mallet

Kane

is rich in musical culture and is distinctive despite its Chinese influences. has developed through frequent changes with neighboring nations, yet it has preserved and developed a number of features that are unique, especially its music.

Korea

Korean have numerous folk songs and different forms of instrumental pieces, such as

pansori and shaman ritual music.

– elegant music for the nobility, court music for the higher/ruling

.Jeongak or chongak

2 categories of Korean music

.Jeongak or chongak Sogak

Imported music from China

Dangak

Pure native Korean music

Hyangak

-music for the common people- vibrant and energetic music

Sogak

Folk songs and farmers’ songs

Nongak

Ritual music with access to spirits

Shaman

Dramatic vocal and percussive music

Pansori

Fast instrumental solos

Sanjo

. Folk songs resonate with the emotions of the people and the simplicity of their lifestyles. Songs by women are considered superior to others in terms of quality and quantity.

Content

Korean folk songs use the verse-refrain form.

Form.

.Korean folk songs are based on five dialect areas, with each region employing different modes in their own language/singing styles:Gyeonggi(central), Namdo( southwestern), and Seodo( northwestern) are three core areas. In addition, Dongbu (eastern) and Jeju( Jeju Island) are further differentiated based on their unique musical idioms( expression)

Melody

Korean music instruments strings

Gayaguem Geomungo Haegeum

a zither with 12 strings, the most popular Korean instrument

Gayageum-

- zither with six strings and 16 props, plucked with a plectrum

Geomungo

- a vertical fiddle with a rod-like neck, hollow wooden sound box , and two silk strings

Haegeum

Wind Korean instrument

Piri . Saenghwang Daegeum- . Taepyeongso-

a mellow- sounding double reed oboe made of bamboo

Piri-

– mouth organ with 17 bamboo pipes, each with a metallic free reed

Saenghwang

- large transverse bamboo flute with a buzzing membrane that gives it a special timbre.

Daegeum

double reed oboe with a conical wooden body, a metal mouth piece, and a cup-shaped bell.

Taepyeongso-

Korean instrument percussion

Janggu Buk Kkwaenggawari

an hourglass- shaped drum with two animal skin heads

Janggu-

- a shallow barrel- shaped drum with a spherical hardwood body covered in animal hide on both ends.

Buk

– a small flat high- pitched brass gong played with a hard stick. It produces a cymbal –like crashing timbre

Kkwaenggwari

is a traditional painting in China.

Gongbi painting

means tidy or precise and is generally considered more descriptive than interpretive

Gongbi or Gong Chin

The other kinds of Chinese paintings are ______. There are also watercolor paintings and ink drawings which are done first on silk and later on rice paper.

Frescoes and Painting on Wood Panels

Two Types of Scrolls used in Chinese Painting:

Vertical wall scroll, horizontal hand scroll

Is put on display for special occasions and afterward rolled up and stored in a wooden box.

Vertical wall scroll

Is where the long strip of silk paper is gradually rolled off one wooden roller into another to reveal only a small section of the work at a time.

Horizontal hand scroll

The Chinese like to wear their traditional dresses in the ______ style fashion – loose robes with long sleeves. Over time, they wore it with loose trousers and underskirts with belts.

Han Period Classical

ATTIRE, ARTIFACTS, and CULTURAL SYMBOLS OF CHINA

Casual wear of a laborer Cheongsam Exquisite porcelain and decor Terracotta Shennong

- Chinese attire for women

Cheongsam

which China is famous

exquisite porcelain vase and décor

-Array of thousands life-size “______”warriors disclosed Chinese artistry and excellence in sculpture.

Terracotta

- God of Agriculture and Medicine

Shennong

is used mainly for wind instruments such as flutes and pipes.

Bamboo

Varied designs of reed pipes are made in

Southern China

, which is made of wood, is preferred in the North.

Guan

are among the Southern names for flutes.

Dizi, Xiao, Xindi, and Buan

A metal instrument like ______ has ______ bronze bells hung on a rack and is struck using poles.

Bianzhong, 16-65

as influenced by the Classical Han Chinese Attire. The style of the varies according to seasons. Fabrics made of cotton and rayon are preferred

Kimono

is the preferred artistic expression in Japan.

Painting

- god of sea and marine life

Ebisu

- art of paper folding

Origami

Koreans’ mode of dressing is

unique and indigenous.

nfluenced by the Chinese because beliefs and values of Confucianism had spread and gained roots in _____ (Korea) for a long time.

Cheoson

It is patterned after the hand-loose robe style with long loose-sleeves.

KOREAN NATIONAL ATTIRE

Korean National attire

Jeogori ( upper robe) Chima ( skirt) Hanbok and choson Korean theater mask Haesik Daelim

-design to maintains the traditional robe-and –skirt attire.

Hanbok and Choson

(Sun- God)

Haesik

(Moon goddess)

Daelim