Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

LPG Exam > Map And Cross Section Interpretation > Flashcards

Map And Cross Section Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

Blind thrust

A

A thrust fault that does not reach the ground surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Detachment fault

A

A low angle normal fault associated with refional movement.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Dip-slip fault

A

A fault in whoch the movement isnparallel to the dip of the failt place. Known as a normal, reverse, or listric fault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Fenster

A

This is an erosional opening or a window where thr underlying rocks are exposed. This process is normally caused by erosion or normal faulting of a thrust system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Footwall block

A

The underlying block of a fault that has an inclined fault plane. This underlies a non-vertical fault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does ‘Ga’ stand for?

A

This is an abbreviation for Giga-annum which is one billion years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is GIS?

A

An abbreviation for geographic information system. This is a computer based tool that is used for mapping, analysing, and visualizing geographically refererenced data.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is GPS?

A

This is an abbreviation for global positioning system. This is a radio navigation system that determines the exact location, time, and velocity and determined by triangulation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a growth fault?

A

This is a fault that forms at the same time as deposition in sedimentary rock.

The throw [define] increases with depth and thr sedimentary units on the downthrown side are thicker than the corresponding units on the up thrown side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define a hanging wall block.

A

This is the block that overlies a non-vertical fault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Define heave

A

This is the amount of horizontal displacement on a fault.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does ‘Ka’ represent?

A

This is the abreviation for Kilo-annum which means one thousand years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define

klippe.

A

This is an outlier of a thrust sheet that is completely surrounded by the exposed foot wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are key beds?

A

These are well-defined, easily identified strata that is distinctive enough to be useful in correlation in mapping.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a listric fault?

A

This is a fault woth a curved fault plane.

Near the surface the fault plane is steeply dipping, but becomes flatter with depth. These faults can be either normal or reverse.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does ‘Ma’ stand for?

A

This is an abbreviation for Mega-annum which means one millions years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is magnetic declination?

A

This is the angle that is between true North and magnetic North.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define nappe.

A

This is a sheet-like rock unit that has moved over other rocks (allochthonous) on a predominately horizontal surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define net slip.

A

This is the distwnce between two formerly adjacent points on either side of the fault, measured on the fault surface.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define nonconformity.

A

This is an unconformity that is formed by older igneous rocks in contact with younger sediments, which indicates a missing time after the igneous intrusion.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define normal fault.

A

This is a dip-slip fault in which the hanging wall has moved down relative to the foot wall.

The dip of the fault is between 45 and 90 degrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Define an oblique slip fault.

A

This is a fault in which movement is not parallel to the strike or dip of the fault plane.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Define offset.

A

The horizontal component of displacement measured perpendicular to the strike of the disrupted unit.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Define reverse fault.

A

A dip slip fault in which the hanging wall has moved up relative to the footwall. The dip of the fault is between 45 and 90 degrees.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the rule of V’s?

A

This rule states that the outcrop pattern of a formation as it crosses a valley forms a V shape (map view). The V points in the direction that the formation underlies the valley.

26
Q

What is the state plane coordinate system?

A

This is a two dimensional coordinate system that was developed by the National Geodetic Survey for use in states and counties.

27
Q

Define strike separation.

A

The horizontal distance between a stratigraphic unit offset by a fault, measured along the strike of the fault. It is an apparent displacement.

28
Q

Define strike-slip fault.

A

A fault in which movement is parallel to the strike of the fault plane.

29
Q

Define throw.

A

This is the amount of vertical displacement on a fault, also, the vertical component of net slip.

30
Q

Define thrust fault.

A

This is a reverse fault in which the fault plane dips less than 45 degrees.

31
Q

Define unconformity.

A

This is a gap in the geologic record which signals an interruption in the depositional sequence that implies uplift and erosion have removed part of the geologic record or non- deposition has occurred.

32
Q

Name the four Eons.

List youngest to oldest.

A

Phanerozoic
Proterozoic
Archaen
Hadean

33
Q

What is the law of initial horizontality.

A

This law assumes that the sequence of layers were deposited horizontally or nearly so.

The oldest layer is therefore on the bottom and the youngest layer is on top.

In dissected topography, the youngest layers will form hill tops.

34
Q

What does the law of superposition state?

A

States that the oldest layer is on the bottom and the youngest layer is on the top and assumes that layers have not been overturned during formation.

This law can be applied to any layered rock sequence such as sedimentary units or extrusive igneous rocks.

35
Q

Define cross cutting relationships.

A

These are useful in determining relative ages because cross cutting is so common.

This implies that the feature that is cut is older than the feature that cuts across it and is cut by either intrusion, faulting, unconformities, or mineral replacement.

36
Q

Define the principal of lateral continuity.

A

This implies there are sedimentary layers that when deposited covered a large area extending laterally in all directions.

Rocks are considered to be laterally continuous even though they may now be separated by uplift or erosion.

37
Q

How can faunal and floral succession be used to determine ages?

A

By looking at the evolutionary decelopment of fossils, a sequence of age can be deceloped.

Older and more primitive fossils are usually found below younger fossils.

Extinctons may break the pattern and new patterns emerge. Fossils may show distinct evolutionary trends which may be used to correlate with stratigraphic sequences in other areas.

38
Q

What is the law of inclusions?

A

This states that inclusions in a rock signify that the inclusions are older than the rocks in which they are included.

Inclusioks may also provide clues of the provenance [define] at the time of formation.

39
Q

How can metamorphosed beds be used to determine age?

A

Imply that the metamorphosed beds are younger than the rock as it existed before metamorphism.

Metamorphism occurs at the same time with igneous intrusion or tectonism that produced the metamorphism.

40
Q

Name the Periods from youngest to oldest.

A 
Quarternary
Tertiary
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic 
Permian
Carboniferous
Devonian
Silurian 
Ordovician
Cambrian
41
Q

Name the subperiods and the periods they are apart of.

A

Neogene and paleogene - tertiary

Pennaylvanian and Mississippian - carboniferous

42
Q

Name the Epochs and the Periods theyre apart of.

A

Holocene, Pleistocene - quarternary

Pliocene, Miocene - neogene

Oligiocene, Eocene, Paleocene - paleogene

43
Q

Name the Eras

A

Cenozoic
Mesozoic
Paeozoic

44
Q

Name the feature.

A

Graded bedding

45
Q

Name the feature.

A

Truncated cross-bedding

46
Q

Namw the feature.

A

Ripple marks

47
Q

Name the feature.

A

Sole marks

48
Q

Name the feature.

A

Basal conglomerates

49
Q

Name the feature.

A

Rip-up clasts

50
Q

Name the feature.

A

Scouring or channeling

51
Q

Name the feature.

A

Mud cracks

52
Q

Name the feature.

A

Solution surfaces.

53
Q

Name the feature.

A

Pebble dents

54
Q

Name the feature.

A

Brqchiopod shells encrusted with barnacles.

55
Q

Name the feature.

A

Coral

56
Q

Name the feature.

A

Disjointed pelecypod shells

57
Q

Name the feature.

A

Worm tails

58
Q

Name the feature.

A

Burrows

59
Q

Name the feature.

A

Baked zone under lava flow

60
Q

Name the feature.

A

Vesicular lava flow

61
Q

Name the feature.

A

Pillow lavas

LPG Exam (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions