Maori and Pasifika Health

Question 1

Define imagined communities.

Answer 1

Our perspective of other countries, shaped by our imagination which is influenced by census, maps and museums.

Question 2

Name the three types of political status of Pacific countries.

Answer 2

Dependencies
Compact of free association
Independence

Question 3

What is the name of the Samoan concept describing the space that relates us?

Answer 3

Va

Question 4

Why do Pacific people face their backs to the future?

Answer 4

It is a sign of respect to face the past and face those who have helped you get to where you are today.

Question 5

Describe whakapapa.

Answer 5

The layering of generations of knowledge and narratives, and social networks that help us identify who we are, where we come from, and our responsibilities.

Question 6

Describe three terms of groups of Maori people.

Answer 6

Iwi- group of people that descend from a common ancestor
Hāpu- sub-tribe, neighbours territory of hāpu from same iwi
Whānau- family (and friends) who live and work together, and everyone plays a role

Question 7

Define Tikanga.

Answer 7

The right way of doing things according to a set of values originating from the creation narratives.

Question 8

Name the Maori term for the practice of family connection/ creating a sense of belonging.

Answer 8

Whanaungatanga

Question 9

Name the Maori term for the practice of supporting, caring and showing respect to others.

Answer 9

Manaakitanga

Question 10

Which Maori term encapsulates both whanaungatanga and manaakitanga?

Answer 10

Aroha

Question 11

Name the Maori term for prestige and authority.

Answer 11

Mana

Question 12

Name the four ways in which mana can be achieved.

Answer 12

Mana atua- derived through whakapapa
Mana tūpuna- through ancestor/ birthright
Mana whenua- through occupation of the land
Mana tuku- granted by the people to recognise skills

Question 13

How do we ensure our mana stays intact and is enhanced?

Answer 13

By the correct practice of tikanga.

Question 14

Which Maori term means ‘sacred’, and restricts people to keep them out of harm’s way?

Answer 14

Tapu

Question 15

Name the Maori term that counteracts tapu.

Answer 15

Noa- freedom from restriction

Question 16

Which three Maori concepts ensure equilibrium in the world?

Answer 16

Mana, tapu and noa.

Question 17

Which Maori term means ‘life force’?

Answer 17

Mauri

Question 18

Name the Maori term for the immortal soul.

Answer 18

Wairua

Question 19

Which Maori term means reciprocity- whether this is positive or negative?

Answer 19

Utu

Question 20

Is individualism a valued concept in Pacific culture? Why/ why not?

Answer 20

No, a more holistic approach is taken: you exist because of a greater circle- family, community and environment.

Question 21

How do Pacific people view physical health?

Answer 21

Not a priority, compared to family, spiritual, and mental health. If these three are good, physical health will be too.

Question 22

Name the components of the Fonofale model.

Answer 22

Foundation= family
Poles= mental, physical, spiritual, other
Surrounded by: time, context, environment

Question 23

Describe Maori health before colonisation.

Answer 23

Communally focused
Fit and muscular because of travelling and gathering natural foods
Few infectious diseases
Sought healing from tohunga

Question 24

How is mana restored?

Answer 24

Waiata
Karakia
War until a daughter is offered into arranged marriage in the other iwi

Question 25

Define whenua, and how Maori are connected to it.

Answer 25

The land/ country/ placenta. Placenta of Maori children is buried in the ground, connecting them to the land- big part of Maori spirituality.

Question 26

What is the term for the way the Maori year is scheduled into lunar months?

Answer 26

Maramataka Maori

Question 27

Name some problems Maori faced when the Europeans settled in NZ.

Answer 27

New weapons
Loss of language and transmission of knowledge
New diseases from Europe
Loss of land
Suppression of culture

Question 28

Describe how the Maori language began to be lost.

Answer 28

Education of Maori children by the European missionaries banned the use of Maori in classrooms, which scared them out pf using it at home. The curriculum was taught in English.

Question 29

How and why did European diseases affect the Maori?

Answer 29

Maori had never been exposed to diseases such as measles and influenza, so had no immunity to them. The Maori population decreased rapidly, transferring the power over to the Europeans.

Question 30

Describe two ways Maori culture was suppressed by the colonisers.

Answer 30

Banning the language- loss of te reo and tikanga between generations- none taught in schools
Tohunga- the spiritual guardians and healers- made illegal by the European settlers for claiming to have ‘supernatural’ powers, without recognising their wider role in the community.

Question 31

What was the key problem with the Treaty of Waitangi?

Answer 31

There was a difference in meaning between the Maori version and English version. The Maori version, signed by the Maori chiefs, gave the Queen ‘governance’ over the land. While the English version, the one put into place, gave the Queen ‘all the rights and powers of sovereignty’ over the land. The chiefs thought they would be in a shared partnership over the land.

Question 32

How did the Maori benefit from European settlers?

Answer 32

Trade- new materials to improve quality of life.
Introduced to new foods- increased life expectancy.
Literacy skills- how to read and write.