Mao's Consolidation Of Power Flashcards

1
Q

What was the common program for China and how did it help Mao consolidate power?

A

1949
It guaranteed basic freedoms for everyone accept from political reactionaries

Equal rights for women were guaranteed and universal education was introduced

It was for cantered on the development of heavy industry

Consolidated power because

  • anyone who didn’t agree with Mao could be considered a “political reactionary” and denied rights. This would consolidate power as it would suppress potential opposition
  • universal education and women’s rights were popular. Popularity would mean less opposition and more support for campaigns
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2
Q

What was the sino Soviet treaty and how did it help Mao consolidate power?

A

1950

$300 million with interest loan
10,000 Soviet advisors were sent but they had to be paid for
China had to give gold reserves

This helped consolidate power as it showed Mao to be respected by Stalin compared to previous sino Soviet relations. It also showed Mao to be gaining means to make the country better which would have had support

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3
Q

What were the two cultures Mao used to consolidate power?

A

Culture of war

Culture of peace

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4
Q

What 3 provinces in China did Mao try to control when consolidating power?

A

Tibet
Xinjiang
Guangdong

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5
Q

What happened in Tibet?

How did Mao try to control it ?

A

Tibetans historically regarded themselves as culturally different

The army invaded to “culturally liberate” them
They made them sign a 17 point agreement
Traditional practices were banned and the Tibetan language was banned

They really wanted to eradicate the rival belief system of Buddhism

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6
Q

What happened in Xinjiang?

A

It bordered with the Soviet Union
It had an 80% Uyghur population who were mainly Muslim

They resisted and were not fully integrated in Chinese empire.

Mao feared Russian influence and religions

Solution
PLA were sent in
National leaders were invited to the Political Consultative Conference 1949- the plane crashed!
Han Chinese were sent in to diversify the population

This consolidated Mao’s power as it controlled Xinjiang by scaring them and enforcing culture

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7
Q

What happened in Guangdong?

A

This province was traditionally pro nationalist

Solution
28,000 people were executed in the suppressing counter revolutionaries campaign

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8
Q

What is Danwei? How did it consolidate power ?

A

Introduced 1945
Every employed worker was assigned to a danwei (work unit)

It wood supply food cards, housing and clothing

It consolidated power as people became fully dependent on Mao for food. Denial of these would enforce conformity

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9
Q

What is a dangan?

A

Files on everyone that indicate loyalty

Good = loyal poor 
Middle = petty bourgeoisie 
Bad = landlords , capitalist parents
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10
Q

How did Mao non violently consolidate power?

A
Mass participation
Women got equality
Land reform 
Danwei , Dangan
Common program for China
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11
Q

What was land reform ?

A

Party cadres would encourage peasants to ride up and subject landlords to “struggle meetings”

They would be beaten until they got a confession which would be given to cadres who would distribute the land fairly.

However 1 million landlords died so it was violent and it did not last as collectivisation and large scale communes were introduced.

At the time, it did help Mao consolidate power as it made peasants happy

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12
Q

What was the suppressing counter revolutionaries campaign?

A

March 1950!
It’s open aim was preventing nationalist sympathisers from undermining the regime
Really, anyone who had potential to cause harm was at risk

People were denounced
P

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13
Q

What happened with self registration?

A

Ministry of security asked people who previously held positions in the nationalist regime were asked to sign a register and were encouraged to write autobiographies listing their associates.
They were told this would help them start life anew
They were arrested and some disappeared never to be seen again

This consolidated power as it added to the fear factor of Mao and his regime

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14
Q

How did Mao use mass participation to consolidate power ?

A

Citizens were encouraged to denounce counter revolutionaries and hold accusation meetings where crowds would demand death of counter revolutionaries. Mao would grant them their wish. In reality, it was what he wanted!

1951- ministry of public security produced a manual Called “how to hold an accusation meeting”
- proof Mao encouraged it

It consolidated Mao’s power as the people thought that Mao was responding to their will

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15
Q

What was the three antis campaign?

A

1951

Against
Corruption
Waste
Obstructionist bureaucracy

Campaign to remove people from the civil service. It we reliant on public support. It imprisoned and killed those who had taken power for their own benefit

In reality, CCP just wanted to replace civil service with loyal party cadres.

This consolidated power as people with power were now more loyal to Mao

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16
Q

What was the five antis campaign?rt

A

1952

Used masses to remove opponents and arise control of economic assets

It wanted to end 
Bribery 
Tax evasion
Theft of state property 
Cheating on government contracts
Stealing state information 

Businessmen were targeted and indemnified eachother with the hope of being treated more lenientlyZ

Businessmen’s family were told they were guilty and were encouraged to denounce them. “Denunciation boxes” we’re set up to help.

Those found guilty were imprisoned or fined

17
Q

Why were parks patrolled?

A

To prevent people from hanging themselves

18
Q

How successful was the five antis campaign?

A

In Shanghai, 99% of businessmen Errr found to be guilty of at least one of the five antis

19
Q

How successful was suppressing counter revolutionaries

A

800,000 were killed in the first year!

20
Q

What happened in the Korean War?

A

1950-1953

The Chinese drove the American forces back to the border

Mao got them out of North Korea. This was seen as a large victory

Stalin said they should enter the war

21
Q

In what way was the Korean War unsuccessful

A

China -300,000 losses
USA - 20,000

Mao had numbers rather than weapons
The mentality was to attack until the USA ran out of bullets

22
Q

How did the Korean War consolidate power ? (4)

A

Promoted nationalism as China had a common enemy and were united under Mao.

Closer relationship with Soviet Union

Seen to be at the worldwide forefront of the communist movement which increased prestige

“Resist America, aid Korea” / propaganda campaign showed Mao to be great. Provided excuse for propaganda

23
Q

Statistics about Laogai?

A

1955- 1.3 million people in there

300,000 doctors and engineers rounded up in the anti counter revolutionaries and antis campaigns

It is estimated that 27 million people died in them in Mao’s rule

24
Q

How did Laogui benefit Mao?

A

Mao could basically use slave labour to industrialise

It put 750 million yuan into the economy a year