Mao's China: 3. Relations with other countries

Question 1

o Japan invaded Manchuria

Answer 1

1931

Question 2

• Japan advanced further into China, taking advantage of the civil war between the Communists and the Guomindang
  
  • Chiang Kai-shek’s GMD focused on defeating Communists rather than fighting the Japanese

Answer 2

1936

Question 3

• USA supplied GMD against Japanese
  
  • General Stilwell trained GMD to fight Japanese
  • Chiang Kai-shek stockpiled supplies to use against Communists instead of attacking Japanese troops

Answer 3

1941-44

Question 4

• December of this year-
  
  • Communist USSR promised to supply $300m and 10,000 engineers to the PRC

Answer 4

1949

Question 5

• Stilwell and Chiang Kai-shek fell out
  
  • USA considered supplying Communists to fight against the Japanese

Answer 5

1944

Question 6

• Communists had driven Japanese out of large areas of the countryside

Answer 6

1945

Question 7

• Post WW2- Britain, USA and USSR wanted Chiang to be reinstated as ruler of China
  
  • US General Marshall tried to get the Communists and GMD to cooperate
  • But civil war erupted in China yet again between Communists and GMD

Answer 7

1945

Question 8

• China Aid Act (USA)

Answer 8

1948

Question 9

• Chiang and the Nationalist GMD were forced to flee from China to Taiwan

Answer 9

1949

Question 10

• Attempts to invade Taiwan and defeat GMD • Invasion not possible with USA Navy’s protection of Taiwan

Answer 10

1950s

Question 11

o Mao and Stalin (Communist USSR) signed a friendship treaty • Stalin sent economic aid (money and engineers) to China • Neither China nor USSR wanted to be seen to be the weaker power, so relations were strained.

Answer 11

1950

Question 12

o Chinese troops invaded Tibet and eventually conquered it • Tibetans resent Chinese control and attempts to crush their religion

Answer 12

1950

Question 13

o China supported Communist North Korea in the Korean Civil War

Answer 13

1950

Question 14

o Korean War- • China fought US-led United Nations army to a standstill • Strengthened bond between China and USSR • USA placed a trade embargo (ban) on China

Answer 14

1952

Question 15

o Stalin died and Khrushchev now controlled the USSR • Relations between China and USSR worsened.

Answer 15

1953

Question 16

• Mao quarrelled with USSR leader Khrushchev who withdrew USSR advisors from China

Answer 16

1960

Question 17

o China crushed Tibetan revolt

Answer 17

1958

Question 18

o USSR’s President Khrushchev publically criticised Mao’s ‘Great Leap Forward’

Answer 18

1959

Question 19

o USA blocked China’s application to join United Nations (several times) o USA supported Chang Kai-shek’s Taiwan instead o USA rebuilt Japan to help against the spread of Communism and Chinese power in Asia o USA angry at China for supplying Viet Cong Communists in Vietnam war

Answer 19

1960s

Question 20

o China and USSR ended their friendship treaty

Answer 20

1960

Question 21

o USA became committed to the Vietnam War • Domino Theory o USA fought against Communist Vietnamese (Viet Cong)

Answer 21

1961

Question 22

o China supplied Viet Cong in Vietnam against the USA

Answer 22

1962

Question 23

o Fighting between India and China over disputed territory close to Tibet

Answer 23

1962

Question 24

o China tested its first atomic bomb which reinforced its place as an important world power • This worried both the USA and USSR.

Answer 24

1964

Question 25

o Chinese soldiers began fighting alongside Viet Cong in Vietnam

Answer 25

1965

Question 26

o US President Nixon began to improve relations with China (to try to weaken USSR) • Mao decided to accept Western advisors and investment to improve China’s economy

Answer 26

1970

Question 27

o US Secretary of State Kissinger visited China • USA allowed China to join the United Nations

Answer 27

1971

Question 28

o Friendship Treaty between USA and China • Improved trade between China, USA, Europe and Japan

Answer 28

1972

Question 29

o Death of Mao

Answer 29

1976