Many

Question 1

What are the two causes/types of pulmonary edema?

Answer 1

Cardiogenic (left heart failure)

Alveolar microvascular injury (ARDS/ALI)

Question 2

With cardiogenic pulmonary edema, where are the infiltrates?

Answer 2

Bilateral basilar interstitium/alveoli

Question 3

A patient recently recovered from a septic episode now has dyspnea, hypoxemia, and diffuse pulmonary infiltrates: what are two possible diseases? Where is the damage? What is the treatment?

Answer 3

Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)
Acute Lung Injury (ALI)

Alveoli (hyaline membranes–>granulation tissue)

Mechanical ventilation
Treat precipitating event

Question 4

What kind of disease is Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)? What is seen on CXR?

Answer 4

Restrictive lung disease

Reticular/reticulonodular infiltrates
Possibly alveolar filling

Question 5

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF): what causes it? How is it diagnosed? What is the treatment? What is the likely outcome?

Answer 5

Smoking (70%)
Familial component as well

CX/HRCT

Lung transplant

Mortality (70-80%)

Question 6

An African-American comes in concerned about a cough, dyspnea, and chest pain; labs show hypercalcemia, and bilateral hilar adenopathy: What is the disease? What kind of disease is it? What is expected on a leukocyte count?

Answer 6

Sarcoidosis

Idiopathic systemic granulmatous disease

CD4:CD8 > 4:1

Question 7

A patient comes in with progressive dyspnea on exertion and a cough with gelatinous sputum: what is the disease? What causes it?

Answer 7

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP)

Dysfunctional Granulocyte/Monocyte Colony Stimulating Factor (GM-CSF) –> inability to process surfactant –> surfactant fills up alveoli

Question 8

A CXR shows what looks like layers of bones around the lungs: what are you seeing? What does it indicate? Is it malignant?

Answer 8

Calcified pleural plaques

Asbestos exposure

Not as likely to develop malignant mesothelioma

Question 9

A female has adenocarcinoma: where is the tumor likely to be in the lung? What broad category of lung cancers is adenocarcinoma in? What are the other two types of cancers in this category?

Answer 9

Peripheral

Non-small cell carcinomas

Squamous carcinoma
Large cell undifferentiated carcinoma

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with small cell carcinoma, what was likely seen on CXR?

Answer 10

A packed mediastinum

Question 11

A patient has a well-differentiated neuroendocrine carcinoma: what kind of tumor is it? Is it bad?

Answer 11

Carcinoid tumor

Not as bad as the other lung cancers