Manufacturing_Flashcards
What are order winners and order qualifiers?
Order qualifiers are the minimum requirements a product must meet to be considered by customers. Order winners differentiate a product from competitors and drive purchase decisions.
What are the three main manufacturing strategies?
1) Make-to-Order (MTO), 2) Make-to-Stock (MTS), 3) Assemble-to-Order (ATO).
Define Just-In-Time (JIT) manufacturing.
A production philosophy focused on reducing waste by producing only what is needed, when it is needed, and in the quantity required.
What are the seven types of waste in JIT?
Overproduction, waiting, unnecessary transportation, inventory, unnecessary motion, over-processing, and defects.
List the four main process layout types.
1) Fixed-Position Layout, 2) Process (Functional) Layout, 3) Product (Assembly Line) Layout, 4) Cellular Layout.
When is a fixed-position layout used?
When the product is too large or complex to move (e.g., shipbuilding, aircraft assembly).
When is a process layout used?
When different types of operations are grouped by function, common in batch production and job shops.
When is a product layout used?
When products are standardized and move along an assembly line, typical in mass production.
When is a cellular layout used?
When similar products are grouped into families for efficiency, reducing movement between stations.
What is the break-even point?
The production volume at which total revenue equals total cost, meaning no profit or loss.
How is the break-even point calculated?
Break-even point = Fixed Costs ÷ (Selling Price - Variable Cost per Unit).
What is Material Requirements Planning (MRP)?
A system that ensures materials are available for production while minimizing inventory costs.
What are the key components of MRP?
1) Bill of Materials (BOM), 2) Master Production Schedule (MPS), 3) Inventory Status Files, 4) Capacity Requirements Planning (CRP).
How do you calculate Net Requirements in MRP?
Net Requirements = Gross Requirements - On-hand Inventory - Scheduled Receipts.
When is manual labor preferred over AI in manufacturing?
When labor costs are low, tasks require human dexterity, product life cycles are short, or customization is necessary.
What advantages does AI provide in manufacturing?
Predictive maintenance, defect detection, optimized scheduling, and improved efficiency.
What is the difference between direct and indirect costs?
Direct costs are tied to production (e.g., raw materials, wages), while indirect costs are general expenses (e.g., maintenance, utilities).
What are the four types of production processes?
1) Project Production, 2) Batch Production, 3) Mass Production, 4) Continuous Production.
What is an example of project production?
Construction of a stadium or a large ship.
What is an example of batch production?
Clothing manufacturing, bakery products.
What is an example of mass production?
Automobile manufacturing, bottled beverages.
What is an example of continuous production?
Power generation, oil refining, chemical processing.
