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human cognition exam #1 > Manufacturing Quiz Review > Flashcards

Manufacturing Quiz Review Flashcards

1
Q

There are two primary types of fiber

A

natural and manufactured

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2
Q

What do fibers have that affect the feel, texture and performance?

A

Characteristics

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3
Q

What do natural fibers tend to have?

A

Varied dimensional stability and uneven texture

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4
Q

What do manufactured fibers tend to have?

A

Good dimensional stability and even texture

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5
Q

What are protein fibers sourced from?

A

Animal sources such as wool and silk

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6
Q

What are cellulosic fibers sourced from?

A

Plant sources such as cotton and linen

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7
Q

What are most natural fibers?

A

Staples

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8
Q

What is a rare example of a natural fiber that is a filament?

A

Silk

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9
Q

What kind of fibers are short and measured in inches or centimeters?

A

Staple fibers

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10
Q

What is done with natural fibers when one wants to clean and disentangle them?

A

Carding

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11
Q

What are the steps of getting the fibers reading to be spun?

A
  1. Carding
  2. Combing to remove the shorter fibers, resulting in a smoother more even yarn when spun
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12
Q

What are done to animal-based (except silk) fibers?

A

Woolen or worsted

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13
Q

What does woolen refer to?

A

Carded Wool

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14
Q

What is carded wool used for?

A

Sweaters and course fabrics

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15
Q

What is worsted referred to?

A

Combed wool

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16
Q

What is worsted wool used for?

A

Finer fabrics used for suiting and sheets

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17
Q

What are synthetic fabrics made of?

A

petroleum products (nylon, acrylic, polyester)

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18
Q

What are manufactured cellulosic fibers made of?

A

Plant fibers (rayon, acetate)

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19
Q

What are manufactured fibers produced as and what can happen with these fibers?

A

Produced as filaments, can be as long as desired

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20
Q

What are filaments measured in?

A

Yards or meters

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21
Q

What are the two forms filaments can be manufactured in?

A

Smooth (even, lustrous, strong) and Bulked (crimped or textured to have effects of cotton and wool)

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22
Q

Filament fibers can be cut into staples spun into yarn to more closely resemble what type of yarn?

A

Nature fiber yarn

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23
Q

Where are fibers measured at?

A

The cross section

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24
Q

What are staple (natural fibers) measured in?

A

Micrometers (known as macrons)

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25
Q

What are manufactured fibers measured in?

A

Denier, which is the weight of 9000 meters of the fabric or yarn

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26
Q

What do typical apparel fibers range up to in the number of denier?

A

7 denier

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27
Q

What is the number of denier that microfibers have?

A

Less than 1

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28
Q

What type of fiber is a continuous strand that is suitable for weaving or knitting?

A

Yarn

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29
Q

What are the two types of yarn?

A

-Mono-filament - uncut manufactured fibers (underwear, sheer hosiery, fine knit athletic apparel)
-Spun - either natural, cut filaments or uncut filaments

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30
Q

What is the difference between staple fiber yarn and bulk continuous yarn?

A

-Natural fibers will have loose staples after spinning
-Manufactured fibers will have a smooth texture

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31
Q

How are plied yarns created?

A

Twisting together more than one yarn (2-ply, 3-ply or 4-ply)

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32
Q

What is thicker and stronger than single-ply yarns?

A

Plied yarns

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33
Q

What do core-spun yarns consist of?

A

A corn yarn covered by a softer, more comfortable or more decorative fiber

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34
Q

What are core-spun yarns mostly based with?

A

Spandex

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35
Q

What is yarn size or diameter determined by?

A

How many yarns can be placed in a square inch of cloth, which is also sometimes referred to as thread count

36
Q

What does larger or coarser yarn tend to be?

A

Stronger and more durable with a rougher texture and stiffer hand

37
Q

Which type of yarn tends to be more delicate with a smoother texture and handfeel?

A

Small/fine yarn

38
Q

What is different about the yarn numbering system?

A

Different depending on the fiber content

39
Q

What is the indirect system with the yarn?

A

The larger the number, the finer (smaller) the yarn

40
Q

What is fabric from?

A

Knit or woven yarn

41
Q

What are the physical features of yarn determined by?

A

Fiber content, structure of the yarn, structure of fabric, how it is dyed, printed or finished

42
Q

What is fabric textile material from?

A

Which garments are produced

43
Q

What does it make up of the single most greatest contribution?

A

Cost and quality of a garment

44
Q

What kind of properties do the fabric influence

A

Aesthetics, durability, comfort. Safety, cost

45
Q

What type of fabric is produced on a loom where warp yarns are interlaced with weft yarn at right angles

A

Woven Fabric

46
Q

What achievements does woven fabric have?

A

Strongest and most stable structure with the least amount of stretch

47
Q

What are all weaves a variation of?

A

Plain weave, twill weave, or satin weave

48
Q

How is knit fabric made?

A

Created using needles with a series of connected loops and has inherent stretch

49
Q

What can knit fabric be?

A

Single or double-knit

50
Q

What is the difference between single or double-knit fabric?

A

-Single knits have one layer of loops
-Double knits have 2 inseparable layers of loops

51
Q

What does the gauge of a knitted fabric or item refers to?

A

The size of needles used in construction

52
Q

Yarn size is an indirect system, how does that determine the knit?

A

The smaller gauge number, the chunkier the knit

53
Q

What needs to be compatible?

A

Yarn size and gauge selection

54
Q

What needs to be specified before production?

A

Yarn size and gauge selection

55
Q

What determines the fabric weight?

A

Yarn size + gauge/construction

56
Q

How is fabric weight measured?

A

By using a cutter and a scale

57
Q

How is fabric weight typically measured regarding size?

A

Grams per square meter

58
Q

What is it called when a garment is made from fabric?

A

“cut & sewn”

59
Q

What is Knit to Shape?

A

When certain product moves directly from yarn to shaped components

60
Q

What is are examples where each panel is knit independently and then “looped” or “linked” at the seams

A

Sweaters, seamlessly knit underwear and activewear

61
Q

What is there much less material during the quality control benefits process?

A

Wasteage

62
Q

What point in the process has a specific effect on the outlook of the finished product?

A

The dyeing process

63
Q

What is fiber dyed?

A

This is where the fibers are dyed prior to spinning. If mixed colors are used, the effect can be a subtle multi-color effect in the fabric. Finished yarn is referred to as “top-spun”

64
Q

What is spaced dyed?

A

A specific technique to generate a unique effect that can be random and unpredictable

65
Q

What is yarn dyed?

A

The yarn is dyed after spinning. This allows for various multi-color patterns to be accomplished both on knit and woven product

66
Q

What is fabric dyed?

A

Finished fabric is dyed in bulk

67
Q

What is garment dyed?

A

Results in a specific effect that is a soft and weather-worn look

68
Q

What do Commodity Brokers provide?

A

Provide raw material

69
Q

What do Spinning Mills produce?

A

Produces yarn

70
Q

What do Dye houses do?

A

Dye fabric or yarn

71
Q

What do Fabric mills do?

A

Create greige goods and/or finished fabric (woven and knit)

72
Q

What do Assembly factories do?

A

Cut and sew or knit to shape product

73
Q

What do Finishing facilities do?

A

Provide garment dyeing, chemical treatments, surface finishing, special washing services

74
Q

What does In house do?

A

Pressing, packing, and shipping

75
Q

What are tech packs?

A

A compilation of technical specifications and construction details created to provide manufacturers sufficient information to estimate costing and initiate protosamples

76
Q

What are tech packs part 2?

A

Additionally used as an internal tool to monitor and record the progress of the style development and production approvals from initial sample to finished goods

77
Q

What are tech packs formats/layouts specific to?

A

To a product type/category

78
Q

What can tech packs can be created as?

A

Excel Files

79
Q

What are robust software programs utilized by companies used for?

A

They integrate the design, production,logistics and sales processes

80
Q

What are the Key components of the tech pack?

A

-Spec sheet
-Graded guidlines/graded spec sheet
-Fabric sheet
-Design detail/constructon sheet
-pitch sheet
-label/trim sheet

81
Q

What is not required throughout the industry?

A

Grading guidelines are not standardized throughout the industry. Each brand or company will have their own requirements

82
Q

What are color standards?

A

-In the apparel and textile manufacturing industry, a color standard refers to a predefined, measurable and universally accepted specification for a particular color or shade
-they can be represented as a physical swatch, yarn, paper chip or digital color code

83
Q

Why do we need color standards?

A

-Consistency, communication, quality control and assurance, customer expectations, brand identity, efficiency, production management

84
Q

What are Lab Dips?

A

Lab dips are submitted by the factor for approval and they are to be compared to the color standard provided and either approved or comments are given for correction

85
Q

What is a spectrophotometer?

A

A color spectrophotometer is a device used to measure and control color data. Color spectrophotometers are used in a wide range of industries and ensure that color remains consistent from specification through production. Color spectrophotometers measure everything from liquids and plastics to paper and fabrics

human cognition exam #1 (2 decks)

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