manufacturing - material properties Flashcards
What is a Metal?
- Usually alloys
- Two or more elements, 1 metallic
- Ferrous and non-ferrous
What is a Ceramic?
- Non-metallic
- inorganic material
- pottery, tiles, glass
What is a Polymer?
- Formed by repeating smaller structural units (monomers).
- plastics, rubber, dna
What is a Composite?
Two or more phases that are processes separately then bonded together to achieve new properties.
What is a Thermoplastic?
Can be subject to multiple heating and cooling cycles
What is a Thermosetting plastic?
- Once heated, will keep it’s shape
- Can’t be re-heated.
What is an Elastomer?
Plastic that exhibits elastic behaviour.
Name some Surface Processing Operations
- Cleaning
- Surface Treatment (sand blasting)
- Coating (electroplating, painting)
What is Strength?
ability of a material to withstand applied load without failure or deformation
What is Ductility?
ability of a material to deform under stress without breaking.
sustains significant plastic deformation before fracture.
What is Brittleness?
property of the material that causes it to fracture when subject to stress, with little to no plastic deformation before break.
What is Toughness?
ability of a material to absorb energy and deform without fracturing.
What is Hardness?
ability of a material to resist localised permanent deformation
- indents
-scratches
What is Fatigue?
- Fracture due to cyclic (repeated) stresses.
- Can alternate between tension and compression stress.
- Small cracks, medium cracks weaken structure,
What is Creep?
- Slow plastic deformation of a material under constant stress
- Can occur at any temperature - Over X time
What is Castabability?
East with which a metal can be cast - The ability of a metal to fill all cavities of a mold.
What is Machinability?
Ease of which a metal can be shaped by cutting tools.
What is Weldability?
Ease of which separate elements can be joined together under the action of local heating.
What is Workability? Name some applications where LOW Workability may be desired.
Ease of which a material can be manipulated of changed into a new shape.
Affected by:
- Ductility
- Hardness
-Strength
-Grain Size
Low Workability Applications:
-High Temp Applications
- Machining Operations
- Forming Operations.
What is Smelting?
-process of applying heat to melt down a material to molten stage.
PETG Properties:
Printability: __________
Heat resistance: __________
Tensile strength: ___________
Toughness: ___________
Printability: GOOD
Heat resistance: AVERAGE
Tensile strength: GOOD
Toughness: GOOD
PLA Properties:
Printability: __________
Heat resistance: __________
Tensile strength: ___________
Toughness: ___________
Printability: EXCELLENT
Heat resistance: POO
Tensile strength: EXCELLENT
Toughness: POO
TPU Properties:
Printability: __________
Heat resistance: __________
Tensile strength: ___________
Toughness: ___________
Printability: AVERAGE
Heat resistance: AVERAGE
Tensile strength: AVERAGE
Toughness: EXCELLENT
ABS Properties:
Printability: __________
Heat resistance: __________
Tensile strength: ___________
Toughness: ___________
Printability: AVERAGE
Heat resistance: GOOD
Tensile strength: GOOD
Toughness: GOOD
What is Annealing?
- Heating a material up pass its recrystalise temp (but lower than melting)
- rapidly cooling
increases hardness
what are the properties of aluminium?
- light
- high strength
-low corrosion - lower density than titanium
what are some properties of titanium?
- light
- high strength
-low corrosion - high temp resistance
what are some properties of copper?
- soft / malleable
- ductile
- high temp conductivity
- high electrical conductivity
what are some properties of brass and bronze?
brass:
- copper and zinc
- high hardness
- good workability
bronze:
- copper and tin
-stronger
-dense
- conductive
what are some properties of zinc?
- brittle
- often used as alloy to prevent rusting
- tarnishes in air
what are some properties of magnesium?
- light
- high strength - weight ratio
-cheap - great machinability
what are some properties of lead?
-soft
-ductile
-malleable
- low melting point
what are some properties of ABS?
-durable
-tough
- moderate heat resistance
what are some properties of PLA?
- brittle at low temps
- ## biodegradable
what are some properties of TPU?
- flexible
- high strength
- high ductility
- high durability
what are some properties of PETG?
-tough
-impact resistant
-relatively flexible
-
what are the differences between High carbon Steel and Low carbon Steel?
HCS: stronger (high carbon), better hardness,
LCS: more ductile, tougher, more weldable (low carbon)
