Manufacturing & Economic Production/Transition

Question 1

sectors: primary

Answer 1

raw materials

Question 2

sectors: secondary

Answer 2

manufacturing

Question 3

sectors: tertiary

Answer 3

services

Question 4

sectors: quaternary

Answer 4

information

Question 5

sectors: quinary

Answer 5

management

Question 6

industrial revolution: why

Answer 6

greater access to capital and technological innovations

Question 7

industrial revolution: when

Answer 7

late 1700s

Question 8

industrial revolution: where

Answer 8

heart: Great Britian

Question 9

manufacturing belts

Answer 9

extends from the Northwest coast to Iowa &from the St. Lawrence Valley to the Ohio & Missouri Rivers

Question 10

New England & New York

Answer 10

light manufacturing New York with its large market has a huge skilled & semi skilled labor force

Question 11

Philadelphia & Baltimore

Answer 11

heavy industry-iron ore was smelted in tidewater steel mills

Question 12

interior nodes

Answer 12

Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago-Gary, Milwaukee, St. Louis &Cincinnati-Appalachian coal & Mesabi iron-ore autos, bulldozers, harvester, & appliances

Question 13

manufacturing boom of the 20th century: why

Answer 13

early innovations in the production process

Question 14

Henry Ford

Answer 14

pioneered the mass production assembly line

Question 15

fordism (fordist production)

Answer 15

dominant mode of mass production 1945-1970

Question 16

Ford’s goal

Answer 16

mass produce goods at a price that his workers could afford

Question 17

good wages caused

Answer 17

people to migrate for work

Question 18

machines replace

Answer 18

people on the assembly line

Question 19

vertical intregration

Answer 19

a company takes control over several of the production steps involved in the creation of a product or service

Question 20

a company’s supply chain or sale process

Answer 20

begins with the purchase of raw materials from a supplier &ends with the sale of the final product to the customer

Question 21

Ford Motor Co. automobile factory: River Rouge Plant, Dearborn, MI

Answer 21

93 buildings, >120 miles of conveyor belt, area of 1x1.5 miles

Question 22

Big 3

Answer 22

Ford, Chrysler, GM

Question 23

crisis of fordism

Answer 23

the good times lasted about 20 years BUT 70s energy crisis, technology couldn’t adjust quickly, overall decline of Big 3

Question 24

Post-Fordism

Answer 24

flexible production

Question 25

Post-Fordism was during

Answer 25

latter third of 20th century (1970s-80s+)

Question 26

during post-fordism

Answer 26

global economy becomes more integrated and transportation costs decrease

Question 27

flexible production

Answer 27

firms can pick and choose among a multitude of supplier and production strategies all over the world, and then quickly shift where they manufacture their products in response to adjustments in production costs or consumer demand

Question 28

flexible production designed to

Answer 28

respond to consumers who want the newest/best/greatest offering

Question 29

flexible production enables

Answer 29

manufacturers to lower the cost of production by moving around the world

Question 30

service industries are the

Answer 30

largest segment of US economy

Question 31

gross domestic product

Answer 31

the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year

Question 32

deindustrialization

Answer 32

employment in manufacturing as a share of total employment has fallen (dramatically in the world's most advanced economies)

Question 33

the declining share of employment in manufacturing appears to mirror

Answer 33

a decline in the share of manufacturing value added in GDP

Question 34

rise of Sun Belt: why

Answer 34

air conditioning, mild winters & more sun, less expensive housing in the South, market-friendly economic policies

Question 35

every state in the Southeast is a

Answer 35

right-to-work state

Question 36

manufacturing is among the

Answer 36

top 5 US employers

Question 37

how does manufacturing contribute to exports

Answer 37

nearly 6 in 10 US export dollars come from manufacturing

Question 38

most Americans know manufacturing jobs have declined, but

Answer 38

only about 1/3 know output has increased

Question 39

what is crucial for the quinary sector

Answer 39

the internet

Question 40

digital divide

Answer 40

discrepancy in access to IT between small, rural, & poor areas, & large, wealthy cities

Question 41

1/4 of US populiation

Answer 41

not yet able to afford computers & have home Internet connections

Question 42

Cleveland, Ohio: Post-Civil War boom

Answer 42

Manufacturing Belt

Question 43

Cleveland

Answer 43

premier center of industrialism between Buffalo & Chicago

Question 44

competitive/locational advantage of Cleveland

Answer 44

1. Northern terminus of the Ohio R.-Lake Erie Canal 2. Erie Canal further east guaranteed access to eastern markets 3. 1860s-1920s: diversified node of durable goods production 4. What?: dairy, agriculture, coal; iron &steel....high-paying jobs 5. Impact of Detroit: the epicenter of global automobile production 6. Population growth 7. St. Lawrence Seaway = commercial ships 8. Labor unions: protected workers’ wages, jobs, & benefits

Question 45

Cleveland: Mistake on the lake: 1970s-80s

Answer 45

“petro-shocks,” foreign competition, decrease in employment & Plant closures, rising unemployment

Question 46

manufacturing

Answer 46

Rust Belt

Question 47

Cleveland, Ohio

Answer 47

population declines, housing values rose, poverty rate rose

Question 48

Cleveland: Recovery-from Joke to Jewel: 1990s

Answer 48

1980s: restructuring of U.S. economy, Reinvigorated automobile industry, steel plant, chemicals, paints, & industrial coatings

Question 49

Cleveland: Industry Today

Answer 49

>$100 billion of Ohio's GDP; employing >700K people; 15K manufacturing companies

Question 50

Impact of Detroit

Answer 50

the epicenter of global automobile production