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Geography 301 > Manufacturing & Economic Production/Transition > Flashcards

Manufacturing & Economic Production/Transition Flashcards

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1
Q

sectors: primary

A

raw materials

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2
Q

sectors: secondary

A

manufacturing

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3
Q

sectors: tertiary

A

services

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4
Q

sectors: quaternary

A

information

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5
Q

sectors: quinary

A

management

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6
Q

industrial revolution: why

A

greater access to capital and technological innovations

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7
Q

industrial revolution: when

A

late 1700s

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8
Q

industrial revolution: where

A

heart: Great Britian

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9
Q

manufacturing belts

A

extends from the Northwest coast to Iowa &from the St. Lawrence Valley to the Ohio & Missouri Rivers

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10
Q

New England & New York

A

light manufacturing New York with its large market has a huge skilled & semi skilled labor force

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11
Q

Philadelphia & Baltimore

A

heavy industry-iron ore was smelted in tidewater steel mills

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12
Q

interior nodes

A

Pittsburgh, Cleveland, Detroit, Chicago-Gary, Milwaukee, St. Louis &Cincinnati-Appalachian coal & Mesabi iron-ore autos, bulldozers, harvester, & appliances

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13
Q

manufacturing boom of the 20th century: why

A

early innovations in the production process

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14
Q

Henry Ford

A

pioneered the mass production assembly line

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15
Q

fordism (fordist production)

A

dominant mode of mass production 1945-1970

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16
Q

Ford’s goal

A

mass produce goods at a price that his workers could afford

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17
Q

good wages caused

A

people to migrate for work

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18
Q

machines replace

A

people on the assembly line

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19
Q

vertical intregration

A

a company takes control over several of the production steps involved in the creation of a product or service

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20
Q

a company’s supply chain or sale process

A

begins with the purchase of raw materials from a supplier &ends with the sale of the final product to the customer

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21
Q

Ford Motor Co. automobile factory: River Rouge Plant, Dearborn, MI

A

93 buildings, >120 miles of conveyor belt, area of 1x1.5 miles

22
Q

Big 3

A

Ford, Chrysler, GM

23
Q

crisis of fordism

A

the good times lasted about 20 years BUT 70s energy crisis, technology couldn’t adjust quickly, overall decline of Big 3

24
Q

Post-Fordism

A

flexible production

25
Q

Post-Fordism was during

A

latter third of 20th century (1970s-80s+)

26
Q

during post-fordism

A

global economy becomes more integrated and transportation costs decrease

27
Q

flexible production

A

firms can pick and choose among a multitude of supplier and production strategies all over the world, and then quickly shift where they manufacture their products in response to adjustments in production costs or consumer demand

28
Q

flexible production designed to

A

respond to consumers who want the newest/best/greatest offering

29
Q

flexible production enables

A

manufacturers to lower the cost of production by moving around the world

30
Q

service industries are the

A

largest segment of US economy

31
Q

gross domestic product

A

the total value of goods produced and services provided in a country during one year

32
Q

deindustrialization

A

employment in manufacturing as a share of total employment has fallen (dramatically in the world’s most advanced economies)

33
Q

the declining share of employment in manufacturing appears to mirror

A

a decline in the share of manufacturing value added in GDP

34
Q

rise of Sun Belt: why

A

air conditioning, mild winters & more sun, less expensive housing in the South, market-friendly economic policies

35
Q

every state in the Southeast is a

A

right-to-work state

36
Q

manufacturing is among the

A

top 5 US employers

37
Q

how does manufacturing contribute to exports

A

nearly 6 in 10 US export dollars come from manufacturing

38
Q

most Americans know manufacturing jobs have declined, but

A

only about 1/3 know output has increased

39
Q

what is crucial for the quinary sector

A

the internet

40
Q

digital divide

A

discrepancy in access to IT between small, rural, & poor areas, & large, wealthy cities

41
Q

1/4 of US populiation

A

not yet able to afford computers & have
home Internet connections

42
Q

Cleveland, Ohio: Post-Civil War boom

A

Manufacturing Belt

43
Q

Cleveland

A

premier center of industrialism between Buffalo & Chicago

44
Q

competitive/locational advantage of Cleveland

A
  1. Northern terminus of the Ohio R.-Lake Erie Canal
  2. Erie Canal further east guaranteed access to eastern markets
  3. 1860s-1920s: diversified node of durable goods production
  4. What?: dairy, agriculture, coal; iron &steel….high-paying jobs
  5. Impact of Detroit: the epicenter of global automobile production
  6. Population growth
  7. St. Lawrence Seaway = commercial ships
  8. Labor unions: protected workers’ wages, jobs, & benefits
45
Q

Cleveland: Mistake on the lake: 1970s-80s

A

“petro-shocks,” foreign competition, decrease in employment & Plant closures, rising unemployment

46
Q

manufacturing

A

Rust Belt

47
Q

Cleveland, Ohio

A

population declines, housing values rose, poverty rate rose

48
Q

Cleveland: Recovery-from Joke to Jewel: 1990s

A

1980s: restructuring of U.S. economy, Reinvigorated automobile industry, steel plant, chemicals, paints, & industrial coatings

49
Q

Cleveland: Industry Today

A

> $100 billion of Ohio’s GDP; employing >700K people; 15K manufacturing companies

50
Q

Impact of Detroit

A

the epicenter of global automobile production

Geography 301 (7 decks)

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