Manufacturing Design, Planning, and Control

Question 1

Manufacturing Process

Answer 1

The series of operations performed upon material to convert it from the raw material or a semifinished state to a state of further completion

Question 2

Delivery Lead Time

Answer 2

The time from the receipt of a customer order to the delivery of the product

Question 3

Supplier Lead Time

Answer 3

Amount of time that normally elapses between the time an order is received by a supplier and the time the order is shipped

Question 4

Procurement Lead Time

Answer 4

The time required to design a product, modify or design equipment, conduct market research, and obtain all necessary materials

Question 5

Purchasing Lead Time

Answer 5

The total lead time required to obtain a purchased item

Question 6

Manufacturing Lead Time

Answer 6

The total time to manufacture an item

Question 7

Engineer-to-Order (ETO)

Answer 7

Products whose customer specifications require unique engineering design, significant customization, or new purchased materials

Question 8

Make-to-Order (MTO)

Answer 8

When a good or service can be made after receipt of a customer’s order. The final product is usually a combination of standard items and items custom-designed to meet the special needs of the customer

Question 9

Assemble-to-Order (ATO)

Answer 9

When a good or service can be assembled after receipt of a customer’s order. They key components used in the assembly or finishing process are planned and usually stocked in anticipation of a customer order

Question 10

Components

Answer 10

The raw material, part, or subassembly that goes into a higher-level assembly, compound, or other item

Question 11

Modularization

Answer 11

The use of standardized parts for flexibility and variety. Utilizes the same items to build a variety of finished goods

Question 12

Make-to-Stock

Answer 12

When products can be and usually are finished before receipt of a customer order. Customer orders are typically filled from existing stocks.

Question 13

Mass Customization

Answer 13

The creation of high-volume product with large variety whose manufacturing cost is low due to the large volume, allowing customers to specify an exact model out of a large volume of possible end items.

Question 14

Postponement

Answer 14

Strategy that deliberately delays final differentiation of a product until the latest possible time in the process. Minimizes risk of producing the wrong product.

Question 15

Package-to-Order

Answer 15

When a good or service can be packaged after receipt of a customer order. The item is common but the packaging determines the end product

Question 16

VATI Analysis

Answer 16

Procedure for determining the general flow of parts and products from raw materials to finished products.

V - one material leads to many end products
A - many raw materials lead to one end product
T - raw materials transformed using a single flow production line but at some point become many different end products
I - linear flow of operations that use a production line or continuous flow to product one type of end product

Question 17

Process Types

Answer 17

Project, Work Center, Batch, Line, and Continuous

Question 18

Process Layouts

Answer 18

Fixed Position, Functional, Cellular, and Product-Based

Question 19

Production Life Cycle

Answer 19

The stages a new product goes through from beginning to end

Introduction, Growth, Maturity, and Decline

Broad categories tend to have larger life cycles than specific categories

Question 20

Project Management

Answer 20

Coordinating the organizing, planning, scheduling, directing, etc of activities to ensure that the objectives of a project, manufactured good, or service are achieved

Question 21

Gantt Chart

Answer 21

Type of planning and control chart to show graphically the relationship between planned performance and actual performance over time

Question 22

Intermittent Production

Answer 22

Form of manufacturing in which the jobs pass through the functional departments in lots, and each may have a different routing

Question 23

Work Center Processing

Answer 23

Processing of smaller lots organized around similar processes and has quicker changeovers. Production areas are grouped by function

Question 24

Batch Processing

Answer 24

Processing of larger lots organized around optimization of flow between the chain of activities to minimize distances traveled and number of changeovers

Question 25

Flow Processing

Answer 25

Work flows from one workstation to another at a nearly constant rate with no delays

Question 26

Repetitive Manufacturing

Answer 26

The production of discrete units utilizing flow processing

Question 27

Continuous Manufacturing

Answer 27

The production of non-discrete units utilizing flow processing