Manufacture and use of chemicals

Question 1

What is an alkali?

Answer 1

A compound that dissolves to give a solution with a pH of higher than 7

Question 2

Before industrialisation what were alkalis used for? [2]

Answer 2

[1] Converting oils and fats into soap

[2] Making glass

Question 3

What is formed when an alkaline hydroxide reacts with an acid?

Answer 3

Salt and water

Question 4

What is formed when an alkaline carbonate reacts with an acid?

Answer 4

Salt, water and carbon dioxide

Question 5

Name 3 waterborne diseases

Answer 5

Typhoid, cholera and dysentery

Question 6

What is an advantage of treating drinking water with chlorine?

Answer 6

Kills harmful microorganisms

Question 7

What is a disadvantage of treating drinking water with chlorine?

Answer 7

Disinfection byproducts called tirhalomethanes (THMs) that may cause cancer

Question 8

What is ‘brine’ a solution of?

Answer 8

Sodium chloride (NaCl) and water (H2O)

Question 9

What does the process of electrolysis of brine involve?

Answer 9

Manufacturing chlorine from salt