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MLSCI330 Hematology > Manual Methods > Flashcards

Manual Methods Flashcards

1
Q

PB smears need at least _ identifiers

A

PB smears need at least TWO identifiers: name and accession

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2
Q

T or F: WBC diff and RBC morph is performed on albumin smears

A

FALSE; only WBC diffs are performed on albumin smears

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3
Q

Samples with __ Hgb should dry longer to prevent water artifact

A

Samples with LOW Hgb (thin blood) should dry longer to prevent water artifact

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4
Q

For malarial studies on a PB smear, what is checked when samples is received ?

A
  • patient history to check previous positives / abnormal results
  • determine whether initial exam or follow-up of treatment
  • new positive= PATHOLOGIST NOTIFIABLE
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5
Q

MALarial protocol requires what/ how many smears ?

A
  • 4 thin smears; 2 stained/ unstained
  • 4 thick smears; all two-drop smears, unstained
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6
Q

What is a buffy coat smear for ?

A
  • a concentrated cell prep when WBC count is too low for routine
  • evaluates WBC cell morph + bacteria/ parasites queried on the PB smear
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7
Q

Tube used for buffy coat smears

A

Wintrobe tube

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8
Q

T or F: It is acceptable if buffy coat smear has RBCs

A

TRUE; It is acceptable if buffy coat smear has RBCs

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9
Q

Which stain is used for malaria ?

A

Giemsa stain

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10
Q

Which stain is used to demonstrate iron stores in bone marrows smears ?

A

Prussian Blue Iron stain:
- iron deposits are inside cells; extracellular iron is considered artifacts

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11
Q

Wright-Giemsa Stain (Romanowsky)

A
  • methylene blue + azure B (basic dyes) stain acidic RNA + DNA
  • eosin (acidic dye) stains basic Hgb + eosinophils
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12
Q

Formula: WBC correction for presence of nRBC

A

[Automated WBC x 100] / (100 + nRBC)

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13
Q

Formula: Relative Retic Count

A

[#retics on slide 1 + #retics on slide 2]/ (500 + 500)

NOTE: up to ~500 RBCS are counted for each slide by separate techs

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14
Q

How is a fluid count performed when there are crystals present?

A
  • Interfering substances requires a manual fluid cell count
  • Sample can be diluted using acetic acid to lyse all RBC as only WBC are reported (unless RBC are specified on requisition)
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15
Q

Which of the following can be used to demonstrate heinz bodies?

a.
Prussian blue stain

b.
Brilliant green stain

c.
Wright’s stain

d.
May-Grunwald-Giemsa stain

A

b.
Brilliant green stain

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16
Q

ESR Principle

A
  • non-specific test for inflammation (Acute Phase Reactants; APR)
  • increased APR (proteins) = reduced zeta potential = RBCs stack faster
  • blood settles in Westergren tubes for 1 hour
  • measures distance from bottom of plasma meniscus to the sedimented RBCs (mm)

NOTE: ESR is now replaced with CRP testing

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17
Q

Calculate Manual Cell Count

18
Q

Manual CSF Cell Count: If <200 RBC/WBCs in all 9 squares, then..

A

count RBC/ WBCs in all 9 squares

19
Q

Manual CSF Cell Count: If >200 in all 9 squares, then..

A

count RBC/ WBCs in 4 corner squares labeled “W”

20
Q

Manual CSF Cell Count: If >200 RBC/ WBCs in 1 of 9 squares, then..

A

count RBC/ WBCs in 5 center small squares labeled “R”

21
Q

Which cells are reported in CSF ?

A

RBCs and WBCs

22
Q

Yellow or orange discoloration of CSF

A

Xanthochromia

23
Q

Lymphocytes can be increased in this type of infection

A

Viral Infections

24
Q

Transudates vs Exudates

A

Transudates = accumulation of fluid due to non-inflammatory systemic disease

Exudates = Accumulation of fluids caused by inflammatory conditions

25
Q

Conditions that cause transudates

A

heart, liver, renal disease

26
Q

Conditions that cause transudates

A

infection, malignancy, rheumatoid arthritis

27
Q

__ and __ can cause a cloudy CSF sample

A

HIGH WBC COUNT and MICROORGANISMS can cause a cloudy CSF sample

28
Q

What is used to dilute a CSF when performing the nucleated cell count?

A

Acetic Acid

29
Q

RBC interferences that increase ESR

A
  • rouleaux
  • blood thinner
  • macrocytosis
30
Q

RBC interferences that decrease ESR

A
  • abnormal shape
  • thick blood
  • microcytosis
31
Q

Effect of Increased levels of fibrinogen and immunoglobulin on ESR

A

decreased ESR
- plasma proteins decrease negative charge of RBCs and reduce zeta potential

32
Q

Effect of Increased albumin on ESR

A
  • decreased ESR
33
Q

Effect of Increased albumin, fibrinogen and immunoglobulins on ESR

A

INCREASED ESR

34
Q

Wright-Giemsa Stain

A

Methylene blue, azure B, Eosin

35
Q

May-Grunwald components of MGG stain

A

Methylene blue, eosin

36
Q

Components primarily stained by MGG

A

Cytoplasmic components

37
Q

Basic components of Wright-Giemsa

A

Methylene blue, azure B

38
Q

Stained by basic dyes

39
Q

Increased in pH during staining causes RBC to appear what color ?

A

Blue-green

40
Q

What do these stains all have in common:
Methyl Violet, Brilliant Cresyl Blue, Crystal Violet, Brilliant Green

A

All SUPRAVITAL STAINS

MLSCI330 Hematology (10 decks)

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